Evidence mapPaperPMID 41749264Full record

ReviewJournal of translational medicine2026

Cross-kingdom microbial interactions in the gut during inflammatory bowel disease.

Liwei Li, Fuqing Cai, Zheng Liu, Weijiu Mo, Jinxiu Zhang, Jiamin Qin, Chenghai Liang, Hengyuan Xu, Shikai Liu, Sufan Tang and 11 more

Abstract readReview
In one paragraph

Review in Journal of translational medicine, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 3 papers.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
3citing papers in PubMed
field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

3 citing papers in PubMed.

  1. Review
  2. Review
  3. Review
4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

21 authors.

Liwei Li *The Second Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, China.
Fuqing Cai *The Second Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, China.
Zheng LiuThe Second Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, China.
Weijiu MoThe Second Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, China.
Jinxiu ZhangThe Second Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, China.
Jiamin QinThe Second Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, China.
Chenghai LiangThe Second Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, China.
Hengyuan XuThe Second Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, China.
Shikai LiuThe Second Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, China.
Sufan TangThe Second Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, China.
Peng PengThe Second Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, China.
Jingrong LiangThe Second Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, China.
Huaqiang RuanThe Second Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, China.
Rongbin Qin923 Hospital of PLA Joint Logistics Support Force, Nanning, China.
Feilong Luo923 Hospital of PLA Joint Logistics Support Force, Nanning, China.
Guang XiongThe First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, China.
Chongze YangGuangxi Hospital Division of the First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University, Nanning, China.
Jun ZouThe Second Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, China.
Shiquan LiuThe Second Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, China.
Yan Geng923 Hospital of PLA Joint Logistics Support Force, Nanning, China. drggyn@163.com.
Jiean HuangThe Second Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, China. hjagxmu@163.com.

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

backgroundInflammatory bowel disease (IBD), including Crohn's disease (CD) and ulcerative colitis (UC), is characterized by chronic, relapsing inflammation of the gastrointestinal tract. Recent studies emphasize the importance of gut microbiome dysbiosis in IBD pathogenesis, where interactions among bacteria, fungi, protozoa, and viruses contribute to inflammation, immune modulation, and epithelial barrier disruption.

methodsA comprehensive narrative literature review was conducted, focusing on human data and preclinical studies. Biomedical databases were searched for research related to microbial communities and their role in IBD development, specifically targeting microbial metabolites, gut fungi, protozoa, and viruses. Relevant studies were analyzed to assess their impact on immune pathways and microbial interactions.

resultsThe review reveals how different microbial kingdoms collaborate through bacteria-fungi, bacteria-protozoa, and phage-bacteria interactions, influencing metabolite production and immune system function. Specific microbial metabolites like short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs), indoles, bile acids, and others play significant roles in regulating mucosal immunity and barrier function. Disruptions in these interactions lead to chronic inflammation and contribute to disease progression. Multi-kingdom therapies, including probiotics, yeast-based treatments, and fecal microbiota transplantation (FMT), show promise but face challenges due to clinical variability.

conclusionUnderstanding IBD as a disruption of microbial ecosystems enables the development of personalized treatment strategies. Multi-omics studies and microbiome-based interventions targeting specific microbial interactions hold potential for more effective, individualized therapies in IBD management. However, further research and larger clinical trials are necessary for translating these findings into routine clinical practice.

Indexed as

Gastrointestinal MicrobiomeInflammatory Bowel DiseasesMicrobial InteractionsAnimalsHumansCross-kingdom interactionsDysbiosisGut microbiomInflammatory bowel diseaseMicrobial metabolites

Identifiers

PMID41749264
PMCPMC13041150

What Socratic holds

Textmetadata
LicenceCC BY-NC-ND
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Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the Socratic graph.