Evidence map›Paper›PMID 41749411›Full record

Observational studyDiabetes, obesity & metabolism2026

Sodium-glucose co-transporter 2 inhibitors and obesity-associated cancers in people with type 2 diabetes: A real-world observational study.

Testimony Ipaye, Jonathan Goldney, Thomas Yates, Francesco Zaccardi, Kamlesh Khunti, Elina Akalestou, Melanie J Davies, Karen Brown, Dimitris Papamargaritis

Abstract readObservational Study
PubMed Full text at PMC Publisher
In one paragraph

Observational study in Diabetes, obesity & metabolism, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
0citing papers in PubMed
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1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

0 citing papers in PubMed.

No citing paper in PubMed yet.

4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

9 authors.

Testimony IpayeNIHR Leicester Biomedical Research Centre, University Hospitals of Leicester NHS Trust, Leicester, UK.ORCID https://orcid.org/0009-0000-3190-4975
Jonathan GoldneyNIHR Leicester Biomedical Research Centre, University Hospitals of Leicester NHS Trust, Leicester, UK.ORCID https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8553-8296
Thomas YatesNIHR Leicester Biomedical Research Centre, University Hospitals of Leicester NHS Trust, Leicester, UK.
Francesco ZaccardiNIHR Leicester Biomedical Research Centre, University Hospitals of Leicester NHS Trust, Leicester, UK.
Kamlesh KhuntiNIHR Leicester Biomedical Research Centre, University Hospitals of Leicester NHS Trust, Leicester, UK.ORCID https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2343-7099
Elina AkalestouDivision of Cardiovascular Sciences, College of Life Sciences, University of Leicester, Leicester, UK.
Melanie J DaviesNIHR Leicester Biomedical Research Centre, University Hospitals of Leicester NHS Trust, Leicester, UK.ORCID https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9987-9371
Karen BrownNIHR Leicester Biomedical Research Centre, University Hospitals of Leicester NHS Trust, Leicester, UK.
Dimitris PapamargaritisNIHR Leicester Biomedical Research Centre, University Hospitals of Leicester NHS Trust, Leicester, UK.

Funding

British Heart Foundation AA/18/3/34220National Institute for Health Research Applied Research Collaboration East of England ARC EMNIHR Leicester Biomedical Research CentreUniversity of LeicesterWellcome Trust Leicestershire Healthcare Inequalities Improvement Doctoral Training Programme 223512/Z/21/Z
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

aimsTo investigate the association between sodium-glucose co-transporter 2 inhibitors (SGLT-2i) and obesity-associated cancers (OAC) in individuals with type 2 diabetes (T2D). MATERIALS AND

methodsThis retrospective cohort study used data from the TriNetX US Collaborative Network. Individuals with T2D initiating SGLT-2i were compared with those initiating dipeptidyl peptidase-4 inhibitors (DPP-4i) using 1:1 propensity score matching to account for key confounders. Individuals with prior cancer or cancer diagnosed within 6 months after treatment initiation were excluded. Hazard ratios (HRs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) for composite OAC, individual OAC types, and all-cancer outcomes were estimated using Cox proportional hazards models. Analyses were conducted at the overall cohort, stratified by overweight/obesity status and across individual SGLT-2i agents.

resultsInitiation of SGLT-2i was not associated with composite OACs compared with DPP-4i in the overall population or across overweight/obesity status. A lower rate of renal cancer was also observed in the overall population (HR 0.78; 95% CI 0.67-0.92) and among individuals with overweight/obesity (0.79; 0.66-0.93), while a higher rate of thyroid cancer was observed in the overall population (1.37; 1.06-1.76). Modest reductions in the all-cancer outcome was observed in the overall population (0.96; 0.93-0.99) and among individuals with (0.95; 0.91-0.98) and without (0.88; 0.78-0.99) overweight/obesity.

conclusionIn this large real-world study of individuals with T2D, initiation of SGLT-2i was not associated with higher or lower rates of OAC compared with DPP-4i. However, initiation of SGLT-2i was associated with a modestly lower rate of the all-cancer outcome, the clinical significance of which remains unclear.

Indexed as

Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2Hypoglycemic AgentsNeoplasmsObesitySodium-Glucose Transporter 2 InhibitorsAgedDiabesityDipeptidyl-Peptidase IV InhibitorsFemaleHumansMaleMiddle AgedRetrospective StudiesDipeptidyl-Peptidase IV InhibitorsHypoglycemic AgentsSodium-Glucose Transporter 2 InhibitorscancerobesityoverweightSGLT‐2itype 2 diabetes

Identifiers

PMID41749411
PMCPMC13071211

What Socratic holds

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LicenceCC BY
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Registered trials

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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the Socratic graph.