Evidence mapPaperPMID 41749569Full record

ReviewChildren (Basel, Switzerland)2026

Addressing Childhood Malnutrition in Europe: Policy Approaches to Promote Healthy Eating in Young Children.

Sofjana Gushi, Olga Chouliara, Paraskevi Apeiranthiti, Dimitra Panagiotidi, Grigoris Risvas, Stavros P Derdas

Abstract readReview
In one paragraph

Review in Children (Basel, Switzerland), 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 1 paper.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
1citing papers in PubMed
field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

1 citing paper in PubMed.

  1. Article
4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

6 authors.

Sofjana GushiMolecular Diagnostics Laboratory, KARYO Ltd., 54623 Thessaloniki, Greece.ORCID 0000-0003-1550-452X
Olga ChouliaraDepartment of Dietetics, School of Health, Aegean College, 10564 Athens, Greece.
Paraskevi ApeiranthitiDepartment of Dietetics, School of Health, Aegean College, 10564 Athens, Greece.ORCID 0009-0001-1245-9711
Dimitra PanagiotidiDepartment of Dietetics, School of Health, Aegean College, 10564 Athens, Greece.
Grigoris RisvasDepartment of Dietetics, School of Health, Aegean College, 10564 Athens, Greece.
Stavros P DerdasDepartment of Dietetics, School of Health, Aegean College, 10564 Athens, Greece.ORCID 0000-0003-3725-3282

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

Childhood malnutrition remains a pressing public health challenge in Europe, where stunting, wasting, and underweight coexist with rising rates of childhood overweight and obesity. This policy review provides a strategic roadmap for promoting healthy nutrition in early childhood by synthesizing WHO and EU guidance and proposing coordinated action across three time horizons. Short-term goals (1-3 years) include harmonizing food-based dietary guidelines, implementing universal nutrition screening in pediatric care, and strengthening breastfeeding-supportive environments. Mid-term priorities (3-7 years) focus on fiscal levers, such as sugar taxes and healthy food subsidies; reformulating children's products; and embedding nutrition education within school curricula. Long-term strategies (7+ years) emphasize harmonized EU-wide monitoring systems, alignment of early-life nutrition with social protection policies, and sustained investment in research on the DOHaD. Through a unified, multisectoral strategy emphasizing early-life nutrition, equitable access to healthy foods, education, and robust regulation, Europe can effectively address the double burden of malnutrition and sustainably reduce childhood obesity.

Indexed as

childhood malnutritionearly-life nutritionEU action planEuropenutrition educationobesity preventionpublic health policyschool mealsundernutritionWHO

Identifiers

PMID41749569
PMCPMC12939866

What Socratic holds

Textmetadata
LicenceCC BY
Read underepoch 390

Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the Socratic graph.