Evidence mapPaperPMID 41749805Full record

ArticleCancers2026

The Landscape of Clinical Trials in Never-Smoker Non-Small-Cell Lung Cancer: Registered Evidence and Persistent Gaps.

Raquel Ramos, Carlos Sousa, Nuno Vale

Abstract read
In one paragraph

Article in Cancers, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
0citing papers in PubMed
field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

0 citing papers in PubMed.

No citing paper in PubMed yet.

4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

3 authors.

Raquel RamosPerMed Research Group, RISE-Health, Faculty of Medicine, University of Porto, 4200-319 Porto, Portugal.
Carlos SousaPerMed Research Group, RISE-Health, Faculty of Medicine, University of Porto, 4200-319 Porto, Portugal.ORCID 0000-0003-0708-6874
Nuno ValePerMed Research Group, RISE-Health, Faculty of Medicine, University of Porto, 4200-319 Porto, Portugal.ORCID 0000-0002-1283-1042

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

Lung cancer in never-smokers is increasingly recognized as a distinct clinical and biological entity, often enriched for actionable oncogenic alterations and characterized by molecular profiles that differ from tobacco-associated disease. However, therapeutic evidence for this growing patient population has frequently been extrapolated from trials in which smokers predominate, potentially limiting treatment optimization and biomarker-driven decision-making. In this review, we map and critically appraise clinical trials registered in ClinicalTrials.gov that explicitly target never-smokers with lung cancer, focusing on therapeutic strategies, molecular stratification approaches, trial design features, and temporal trends. We discuss how eligibility definitions, histological and genomic enrichment, and endpoints have been handled across studies, and we highlight persistent gaps in dedicated trial activity, particularly in prospective biomarker-guided designs and contemporary platform strategies. Finally, we propose priorities for future trials to better reflect never-smoker lung cancer biology, improve external validity, and accelerate evidence generation for personalized therapeutic approaches in this population.

Indexed as

biomarker-driven therapyclinical trialsClinicalTrials.govlung cancermolecular profilingnever-smokersnon-small cell lung cancerprecision oncologytargeted therapy

Identifiers

PMID41749805
PMCPMC12939170

What Socratic holds

Textmetadata
LicenceCC BY
Read underepoch 390

Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the Socratic graph.