ArticleCancers2026
Immunotherapy and the Sequence Relative to Survival Outcomes in SCLC: Analysis of the National Cancer Database.
Article in Cancers, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
0 citing papers in PubMed.
No citing paper in PubMed yet.
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
9 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
backgroundSCLC remains an aggressive malignancy with limited therapeutic progress over the past few decades. It remains unclear how the sequence of immunotherapy initiation influences overall survival (OS) in SCLC; we performed a population-based analysis using NCDB to evaluate its association with survival.
methodsSCLC patients in NCDB from 2016 to 2021 were identified to evaluate the impact of immunotherapy on OS. Among ES-SCLC patients, we conducted subsequent analyses to clarify the relationship between the sequence of immunotherapy initiation and OS in the context of chemotherapy and CRT.
resultsAmong 69,820 eligible patients, 9242 received CRT plus immunotherapy (CRT + IO), and 11,755 received chemotherapy plus immunotherapy (Chemo + IO). In the overall population, adding immunotherapy to chemotherapy or CRT was associated with modestly improved survival. In ES-SCLC, immunotherapy was associated with longer survival in both the Chemo and CRT cohort, while the addition of immunotherapy did not confer benefits in limited-stage SCLC (LS-SCLC). Within the ES-SCLC Chemo + IO cohort, altering the initiated immunotherapy interval (0-90 days) did not show any meaningful difference in survival. By contrast, in the CRT + IO cohort, survival showed benefit in a time-dependent pattern: patients who initiated immunotherapy within 4-7 days after CRT had a trend of survival, which was consistent with the proposed immune activation window.
conclusionsThis real-world analysis suggests that immunotherapy was associated with longer survival in ES-SCLC, CRT + IO is associated with improved OS, with a more obvious survival benefit when immunotherapy is initiated within 4-7 days after CRT. These findings hint at the potential importance of immunotherapy initiation sequence and warrant further prospective validation.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What Socratic holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the Socratic graph.