ReviewBiomolecules2026
Neurovascular Impairment in Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus: The Role of Adipocyte-Derived Exosomes.
Review in Biomolecules, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
0 citing papers in PubMed.
No citing paper in PubMed yet.
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
2 authors.
Funding
Abstract
Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) is a major metabolic disorder characterized by chronic hyperglycemia with far-reaching morbidities. Among these, diabetes-related cerebrovascular complications such as ischemic and hemorrhagic stroke, cerebral blood vessel disease, and vascular dementia are significant contributors to morbidity and mortality. Adipose tissue is a metabolically active endocrine organ that becomes dysfunctional in T2DM and communicates with distant tissues via secreted factors, including extracellular vesicles such as exosomes (EXs), phospholipid bilayer-enclosed nanosized particles. These adipocyte-derived exosomes (Ad-EXs) carry bioactive cargo, including lipids, proteins, and microRNAs that influence the function of distant organs, including the brain. Evidence indicates that Ad-EXs in T2DM are a significant risk factor for cerebrovascular complications via neurovascular impairment either directly through the adipose tissue-brain axis or indirectly by other organs. This review provides an overview of current knowledge on how Ad-EXs from different adipocyte populations contribute to cerebrovascular complications through oxidative stress, blood-brain barrier disruption, neuroinflammation, and mitochondrial dysfunction. Particular emphasis is placed on recent findings and gaps in knowledge linking diabetic Ad-EXs with brain microvascular endothelial cells that mediate neurovascular crosstalk, contributing to stroke susceptibility and cognitive decline. We also discuss the potential of Ad-EXs as biomarkers and therapeutic targets for cerebrovascular complications of T2DM.
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What Socratic holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the Socratic graph.