ReviewAntioxidants (Basel, Switzerland)2026
Salivary Oxidative Stress and Antioxidant Markers in Oral Leukoplakia: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.
Review in Antioxidants (Basel, Switzerland), 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 2 papers.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
2 citing papers in PubMed.
- Article
- Oxidative Stress Biomarkers in Oral Mucosal Wound Healing and Photobiomodulation: Biochemical Pathways, Experimental Models, and Translational Perspectives.International journal of molecular sciences · 2026Review
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
10 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Oral leukoplakia (OL) is a common oral potentially malignant disorder in which chronic inflammation and carcinogenic exposures may promote oxidative stress. Saliva is in direct contact with the lesion and represents a non-invasive medium for assessing redox dysregulation. This systematic review and meta-analysis synthesized evidence on salivary oxidative damage markers and antioxidant defenses in OL compared with healthy controls. A PROSPERO-registered systematic review (CRD420251242238) was conducted in accordance with PRISMA and Cochrane guidelines. PubMed, Scopus and Web of Science were searched up to 10 December 2025 for observational studies comparing salivary oxidative stress and/or antioxidant markers in patients with clinically and/or histopathologically confirmed OL and healthy controls. Case-control and cross-sectional studies reporting quantitative data were included. Risk of bias was assessed using a modified Newcastle-Ottawa Scale. When ≥2 datasets were available, standardized mean differences (SMDs) with 95% confidence intervals (CI) were pooled. Meta-analysis showed significantly higher salivary malondialdehyde in OL (SMD = 1.47; 95% CI: 0.55-2.39), indicating enhanced lipid peroxidation. OL was also associated with significantly lower levels of reduced glutathione, vitamins C and E, and uric acid. For 8-hydroxy-2'-deoxyguanosine, a non-significant trend towards higher levels was observed with substantial heterogeneity. Evidence for TBARS, total antioxidant capacity and enzymatic antioxidants was limited. OL is associated with a salivary redox imbalance favoring a pro-oxidant state. High heterogeneity and limited biomarker-specific evidence highlight the need for larger, standardized prospective studies to validate salivary redox markers for OL monitoring and risk stratification.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What Socratic holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the Socratic graph.