Evidence map›Paper›PMID 41750977›Full record

ArticleFoods (Basel, Switzerland)2026

Valorisation of Clementine, Mandarin, and Orange Peel By-Products as Value-Added Sources of Macronutrients, Fatty Acids, and Multiple Elements.

Marija Penić, Maja Dent, Nataša Krištafor, Maja Ivanić, Željka Fiket, Antonela Ninčević Grassino

Abstract read
In one paragraph

Article in Foods (Basel, Switzerland), 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
0citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

0 citing papers in PubMed.

No citing paper in PubMed yet.

4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

6 authors.

Marija PenićFaculty of Food Technology and Biotechnology, University of Zagreb, Perottijeva 6, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia.
Maja DentFaculty of Food Technology and Biotechnology, University of Zagreb, Perottijeva 6, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia.ORCID 0000-0002-1860-1539
Nataša KrištaforFaculty of Food Technology and Biotechnology, University of Zagreb, Perottijeva 6, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia.
Maja IvanićDivision for Marine and Environmental Research, Ruđer Bošković Institute, Bijenička Cesta 54, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia.ORCID 0000-0002-6352-2653
Željka FiketDivision for Marine and Environmental Research, Ruđer Bošković Institute, Bijenička Cesta 54, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia.ORCID 0000-0002-7628-9045
Antonela Ninčević GrassinoFaculty of Food Technology and Biotechnology, University of Zagreb, Perottijeva 6, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia.ORCID 0000-0001-7452-3275

Funding

Ministry of Science, Education and Youth of the Republic of Croatia component C3.2, source 581
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

Clementine, mandarin, and orange peels, which are usually discarded, can serve as promising, sustainable dietary supplements with beneficial compositions, as demonstrated in this study. Citrus peels are low in ash, fat, and protein, but high in moisture, fibre, sugar, and polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs) (up to 60%). They contain high levels of omega-3 and omega-6 fatty acids, up to 30% each, making them a good health-promoting source, as shown by the values of nutritional indices as follows: PUFA/saturated fatty acid (SFA) (1.94 to 2.30), monounsaturated fatty acid (MUFA)/SFA (0.39 to 0.84), and PUFA/MUFA (2.37 to 5.82). Essential macro elements (K > Ca > Mg > S > P > Na) and trace elements (Fe > Zn > Mn > Cu > Cr > Mo > Co > Se) are unevenly distributed among the peels, along with non-essential elements, with Al (37 to 51 mg/kg) and Sr (17 to 30 mg/kg) predominating. Rare elements in food, such as V and W, are found up to 41 and 79 µg/kg respectively, followed by Nb > Ga > Y > Ge (5 to 11 µg/kg). Although citrus peels have a nutrient-dense composition, their monitoring must be ensured before inclusion in the common diet, particularly regarding non-essential elements, as for most of them the reference doses are not established and they could be harmful to human health.

Indexed as

citrus peelfatty acid profileGC-FID analysisICP-MS analysismacronutrientmulti-element analysisnutritional indices

Identifiers

PMID41750977
PMCPMC12939959

What Socratic holds

Textmetadata
LicenceCC BY
Read underepoch 390

Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the Socratic graph.