Evidence map›Paper›PMID 41751024›Full record

ArticleAnimals : an open access journal from MDPI2026

Does a Lack of Early Intensive Socialisation with Humans Exclude Goats from Participating in Animal-Assisted Services?

Wiktoria Janicka, Kamila Janicka, Patrycja Magdalena Masier, Agnieszka Ziemiańska, Iwona Rozempolska-Rucińska

Abstract read
In one paragraph

Article in Animals : an open access journal from MDPI, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
0citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

0 citing papers in PubMed.

No citing paper in PubMed yet.

4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

5 authors.

Wiktoria JanickaInstitute of Biological Basis of Animal Production, University of Life Sciences in Lublin, 20-950 Lublin, Poland.ORCID 0000-0001-5489-6189
Kamila JanickaInstitute of Biological Basis of Animal Production, University of Life Sciences in Lublin, 20-950 Lublin, Poland.ORCID 0000-0001-8891-5384
Patrycja Magdalena MasierInstitute of Biological Basis of Animal Production, University of Life Sciences in Lublin, 20-950 Lublin, Poland.ORCID 0009-0000-9244-2276
Agnieszka ZiemiańskaInstitute of Biological Basis of Animal Production, University of Life Sciences in Lublin, 20-950 Lublin, Poland.ORCID 0000-0002-3272-9862
Iwona Rozempolska-RucińskaInstitute of Biological Basis of Animal Production, University of Life Sciences in Lublin, 20-950 Lublin, Poland.ORCID 0000-0001-5025-0225

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

Socialisation with humans and willingness to interact with them are essential traits for animals involved in animal-assisted services (AAS). This study examined whether goats without prior intensive socialisation with humans may show predispositions to AAS in terms of sociability towards people. Ten goats underwent four tests: (1) acceptance of human approach and touch, voluntary approach to (2) a passive and (3) an active human, and (4) a novel sound fear test. Tests 1-3 were conducted with the caretaker and a familiar neutral person, and 4 with the neutral person. The goats generally accepted being approached and touched but showed little interest in interacting voluntarily with humans. Goats' responses did not differ between the caretaker and the neutral person (

Indexed as

animal-assisted servicesgoat-assisted serviceshuman–animal interactionssociabilitysocialisationsocial support

Identifiers

PMID41751024
PMCPMC12937400

What Socratic holds

Textmetadata
LicenceCC BY
Read underepoch 390

Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the Socratic graph.