Evidence mapPaperPMID 41752021Full record

ReviewInternational journal of molecular sciences2026

The Multifaceted Nature of GLP-1: Molecular Mechanisms and Signaling Pathways in Metabolic and Neurodegenerative Diseases.

Małgorzata Katarzyna Kowalska, Ahmed El-Mallul, Weronika Hudecka, Joanna Elżbieta Lubojańska, Piotr Jan Lubojański, Sara Małgorzata Orłowska, Łukasz Bednarczyk

Abstract readReview
In one paragraph

Review in International journal of molecular sciences, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 1 paper.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
1citing papers in PubMed
field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

1 citing paper in PubMed.

  1. Review
4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

7 authors.

Małgorzata Katarzyna KowalskaDepartment of Applied Chemistry, Casimir Pulaski Radom University, Street Chrobrego 27, 26-600 Radom, Poland.ORCID 0000-0001-8947-2861
Ahmed El-MallulDepartment of Health Sciences and Physical Culture, Casimir Pulaski Radom University, Street Chrobrego 27, 26-600 Radom, Poland.
Weronika HudeckaDepartment of Health Sciences and Physical Culture, Casimir Pulaski Radom University, Street Chrobrego 27, 26-600 Radom, Poland.
Joanna Elżbieta LubojańskaDepartment of Health Sciences and Physical Culture, Casimir Pulaski Radom University, Street Chrobrego 27, 26-600 Radom, Poland.
Piotr Jan LubojańskiSpecialist Hospital Named Dr. Tytus Chalubinski, 1 Adolfa Tochtermana Street, 26-600 Radom, Poland.
Sara Małgorzata OrłowskaDepartment of Health Sciences and Physical Culture, Casimir Pulaski Radom University, Street Chrobrego 27, 26-600 Radom, Poland.ORCID 0009-0008-2785-4985
Łukasz BednarczykDepartment of Health Sciences and Physical Culture, Casimir Pulaski Radom University, Street Chrobrego 27, 26-600 Radom, Poland.ORCID 0009-0002-9211-6264

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

The aim of this article is to present the current state of knowledge regarding the use of GLP-1 agonists in the treatment of type 2 diabetes, obesity, and other potential clinical indications, including neurodegenerative conditions. The article describes the characteristics of the diseases discussed, with particular emphasis on the pathophysiological mechanisms and the impact of metabolic disorders on the course of the diseases. In addition, the specific role of GLP-1 receptor agonists and their mechanisms of action leading to improved clinical outcomes were discussed, including their impact on molecular pathways involved in glucose metabolism regulation, inflammatory processes, carcinogenesis, and neuroprotection. Based on meta-analyses of available clinical trials, the evidence supporting the effectiveness of GLP-1 agonist therapy in glycemic control, weight loss, and improvement of metabolic parameters was synthesized. Additionally, potential benefits beyond the metabolic system are discussed, including neuroprotective effects and impact on patients' cardiovascular profiles, as well as risks and adverse effects associated with the use of GLP-1 agonists. The collected data indicate the growing role of GLP-1 agonists as an innovative and effective therapeutic strategy, while emphasizing the need for further research in the context of new clinical indications.

Indexed as

Glucagon-Like Peptide 1Metabolic DiseasesNeurodegenerative DiseasesSignal TransductionAnimalsDiabetes Mellitus, Type 2Glucagon-Like Peptide-1 ReceptorGlucagon-Like Peptide-1 Receptor AgonistsHumansObesityGlucagon-Like Peptide 1Glucagon-Like Peptide-1 ReceptorGlucagon-Like Peptide-1 Receptor Agonistsappetite regulationcardiometabolic riskGLP-1GLP-1 receptor agonistsmesolimbic reward pathwaymolecular pathwaysobesitytype 2 diabetes mellitus

Identifiers

PMID41752021
PMCPMC12941302

What Socratic holds

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Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the Socratic graph.