Evidence mapPaperPMID 41752170Full record

ArticleInternational journal of molecular sciences2026

Baseline β-Cell Secretory Reserve and Its Association with Glycaemic Control and Long-Term Outcomes Across Diabetes Phenotypes.

Rafał Maciulewski, Angelika Buczyńska-Backiel, Anna Zielińska-Maciulewska, Katarzyna Siewko, Adam Krętowski, Małgorzata Szelachowska

Abstract read
In one paragraph

Article in International journal of molecular sciences, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
0citing papers in PubMed
field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

0 citing papers in PubMed.

No citing paper in PubMed yet.

4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

6 authors.

Rafał MaciulewskiDepartment of Endocrinology, Diabetology and Internal Medicine, Medical University of Bialystok, 15-276 Bialystok, Poland.
Angelika Buczyńska-BackielClinical Research Centre, Medical University of Bialystok, 15-276 Bialystok, Poland.ORCID 0000-0001-7403-6928
Anna Zielińska-MaciulewskaDepartment of Endocrinology, Diabetology and Internal Medicine, Medical University of Bialystok, 15-276 Bialystok, Poland.
Katarzyna SiewkoDepartment of Endocrinology, Diabetology and Internal Medicine, Medical University of Bialystok, 15-276 Bialystok, Poland.
Adam KrętowskiDepartment of Endocrinology, Diabetology and Internal Medicine, Medical University of Bialystok, 15-276 Bialystok, Poland.ORCID 0000-0002-4522-4978
Małgorzata SzelachowskaDepartment of Endocrinology, Diabetology and Internal Medicine, Medical University of Bialystok, 15-276 Bialystok, Poland.

Funding

Medical University of Białystok B.SUB.22.586
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

Residual β-cell secretory function plays a central role in diabetes pathophysiology; however, long-term comparative data describing β-cell trajectories from diagnosis across diabetes phenotypes remain limited. In this prospective observational study, 393 adults with newly diagnosed diabetes underwent assessment of fasting and glucagon-stimulated C-peptide at diagnosis. The cohort included individuals with type 1 diabetes mellitus (T1DM), encompassing both classical adult-onset autoimmune diabetes and latent autoimmune diabetes in adults (LADA), as well as individuals with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). A subgroup of 89 participants underwent follow-up visit after a mean of seven years. Glucagon stimulation testing was not repeated at follow-up in patients with T1DM and LADA for clinical and safety reasons; therefore, longitudinal analyses in these groups are based on fasting C-peptide measurements. At diagnosis, fasting and glucagon-stimulated C-peptide concentrations differed markedly between phenotypes (median fasting C-peptide: 0.87 ng/mL in T1DM, 1.53 ng/mL in LADA, and 2.64 ng/mL in T2DM; stimulated C-peptide: 1.35, 1.86, and 4.60 ng/mL, respectively; all

Indexed as

Diabetes Mellitus, Type 1Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2Glycemic ControlInsulin-Secreting CellsAdultBlood GlucoseC-PeptideFastingFemaleGlucagonHumansLatent Autoimmune Diabetes in AdultsMaleMiddle AgedPhenotypeProspective StudiesBlood GlucoseC-PeptideGlucagonC-peptidediabetes mellitusglucagon stimulation testHOMA-IRinsulin resistanceLADAβ-cell function

Identifiers

PMID41752170
PMCPMC12940418

What Socratic holds

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Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the Socratic graph.