Evidence map›Paper›PMID 41753116›Full record

ReviewJournal of clinical medicine2026

Nanoparticles in Thyroid Autoimmunity: Diagnostic and Therapeutic Applications.

Giusy Elia, Silvia Martina Ferrari, Francesca Ragusa, Eugenia Balestri, Chiara Botrini, Federica Colapietra, Paola Della Monica, Alessandro Antonelli, Poupak Fallahi, Marina Di Domenico

Abstract readReview
PubMed Full text at PMC Publisher
In one paragraph

Review in Journal of clinical medicine, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 1 paper.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
1citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

1 citing paper in PubMed.

  1. Review
4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

10 authors.

Giusy EliaDepartment of Surgical, Medical and Molecular Pathology and Critical Area, University of Pisa, 56126 Pisa, Italy.
Silvia Martina FerrariDepartment of Surgical, Medical and Molecular Pathology and Critical Area, University of Pisa, 56126 Pisa, Italy.
Francesca RagusaDepartment of Surgical, Medical and Molecular Pathology and Critical Area, University of Pisa, 56126 Pisa, Italy.
Eugenia BalestriDepartment of Surgical, Medical and Molecular Pathology and Critical Area, University of Pisa, 56126 Pisa, Italy.
Chiara BotriniDepartment of Surgical, Medical and Molecular Pathology and Critical Area, University of Pisa, 56126 Pisa, Italy.
Federica ColapietraDepartment of Precision Medicine, University of Campania Luigi Vanvitelli, Via Abramo Lincoln, 5, 81100 Caserta, Italy.ORCID 0009-0004-5630-3956
Paola Della MonicaDepartment of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Foggia, Via A. Gramsci 89/91, 71100 Foggia, Italy.
Alessandro AntonelliDepartment of Surgical, Medical and Molecular Pathology and Critical Area, University of Pisa, 56126 Pisa, Italy.ORCID 0000-0002-5211-6342
Poupak FallahiDepartment of Translational Research and New Technologies in Medicine and Surgery, University of Pisa, 56126 Pisa, Italy.
Marina Di DomenicoDepartment of Precision Medicine, University of Campania Luigi Vanvitelli, Via Abramo Lincoln, 5, 81100 Caserta, Italy.

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

Autoimmune thyroid diseases (AITDs) represent T cell-mediated, organ-specific autoimmune disorders caused by immune dysregulation, culminating in an immune-mediated attack on thyroid tissue. AITD etiopathogenesis is the result of the interplay between a genetic susceptibility and environmental factors; hypothyroidism and thyrotoxicosis are the respective clinical hallmarks of autoimmune thyroiditis and Graves'disease, the two main forms of AITD. The application of nanomedicine in the context of thyroid disorders ranges from nanodiagnosis and nanotherapy to nanotheranostics. Nanomedicine has been used to develop new sensitive methods for the determination of the TSH, iodine and TSAb. Furthermore, other studies have used nanomedicine to explore new treatments of autoimmune thyroiditis, Graves'disease and also thyroid eye disease. In the future, the application of nanomedicine will be personalized in accordance with individual genetic profiles, thus improving the therapeutic effectiveness and reducing the undesirable side effects with improved patient outcomes.

Indexed as

autoimmune thyroiditisGraves’ diseasenanodiagnosisnanoparticlesnanotherapythyroid autoimmunitythyroid eye disease

Identifiers

PMID41753116
PMCPMC12941794

What Socratic holds

Textmetadata
LicenceCC BY
Read underepoch 390

Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the Socratic graph.