Evidence mapPaperPMID 41755577Full record

ArticleActas espanolas de psiquiatria2026

The Effects of Gut Microbiota, Plasma Metabolites, Immune Cells, Blood Cells and Cytokines on Schizophrenia: A Bidirectional Two-Sample Mendelian Randomisation Study.

Kaihong Zhang, Wen Sun, Qingxiang Meng, Gaowei Liu, Xinyuan Hu, Sufang Qi, Xi Liu, Wei Wang, Junmei Wei, Jiawei Jin and 2 more

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Article in Actas espanolas de psiquiatria, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.

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5 · Who and what money

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12 authors.

Kaihong ZhangDepartment of Psychiatry, Shandong Mental Health Center, 250014 Jinan, Shandong, China.
Wen SunDepartment of Psychiatry, Shandong Mental Health Center, 250014 Jinan, Shandong, China.
Qingxiang MengDepartment of Psychiatry, Shandong Mental Health Center, 250014 Jinan, Shandong, China.
Gaowei LiuDepartment of Psychiatry, Shandong Mental Health Center, 250014 Jinan, Shandong, China.
Xinyuan HuDepartment of Psychiatry, Shandong Mental Health Center, 250014 Jinan, Shandong, China.
Sufang QiDepartment of Psychiatry, Shandong Mental Health Center, 250014 Jinan, Shandong, China.
Xi LiuDepartment of Psychiatry, Shandong Mental Health Center, 250014 Jinan, Shandong, China.
Wei WangDepartment of Psychiatry, Shandong Mental Health Center, 250014 Jinan, Shandong, China.
Junmei WeiDepartment of Psychiatry, Shandong Mental Health Center, 250014 Jinan, Shandong, China.
Jiawei JinDepartment of Psychiatry, Shandong Mental Health Center, 250014 Jinan, Shandong, China.
Cuicui ZhangDepartment of Psychiatry, Shandong Mental Health Center, 250014 Jinan, Shandong, China.
Yu CaoDepartment of Psychiatry, Shandong Mental Health Center, 250014 Jinan, Shandong, China.

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

backgroundThe aberrant traits of the gut-metabolite-immune network in schizophrenia imply a crucial interrelationship among them. The exploration of the association between the gut-metabolite-immune network and schizophrenia will create novel opportunities for future studies on the disorder.

methodsThis study utilised the Mendelian randomisation (MR) method to examine the causal relationships among gut microbiota, plasma metabolites, immune cells, blood cells, cytokines and schizophrenia. Additionally, mediation analysis was performed to identify and verify potential mediators involved in the pathway linking gut microbiota to schizophrenia.

resultsA total of 62 traits with causal connections to schizophrenia were identified from the gut microbiota, plasma metabolites, immune cells, blood cells and cytokines (11 traits from the gut microbiota [odds ratio (OR) = 0.683-2.104, p = 0.005-0.047], 35 traits from plasma metabolites [OR = 0.596-1.597, p = 0.005-0.049], 14 traits from immune cells [OR = 0.813-1.105, p = 0.005-0.049], 1 trait from blood cells [OR = 1.112, p = 0.038] and 1 trait from cytokines [OR = 0.864, p = 0.041]). Among them, 30 traits were classified as risk factors for schizophrenia. Additionally, we determined nine pathways by which gut microbiota influences schizophrenia (via 7 plasma metabolites and 2 immune cells). Moreover, in our MR analyses, several sensitivity analyses were employed to eliminate heterogeneity and horizontal pleiotropy, ensuring reliable MR results. Meanwhile, the outcomes of various analyses revealed that the gut microbiota most significantly associated with schizophrenia belonged to the Firmicutes phylum.

conclusionsThese discoveries not only deepen our understanding of the pathogenic mechanism of schizophrenia but also offer significant impetus for the development of future diagnostic studies and therapeutic strategies.

Indexed as

CytokinesGastrointestinal MicrobiomeSchizophreniaBlood CellsHumansMendelian Randomization AnalysisCytokines

Identifiers

PMID41755577
PMCPMC12946721

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