ArticleFrontiers in oncology2026
Clinical characteristics and local recurrence risk in patients with multiple actinic keratoses: a retrospective clinical data analysis.
Article in Frontiers in oncology, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
0 citing papers in PubMed.
No citing paper in PubMed yet.
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
7 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Objective: To evaluate the risk of local recurrence in patients with multiple actinic keratoses (AKs), to analyze the influence of host-, lesion-, and treatment-related factors, and to develop and validate a Cox regression model for predicting recurrence risk. Methods: This retrospective study enrolled 148 patients with multiple AKs during January 2019-February 2022. Baseline characteristics, treatment modalities, and follow-up outcomes were collected. The Kaplan-Meier method was used to estimate cumulative recurrence rates. Cox regression analyses were performed to identify independent risk factors. The interaction effect between lesion count and treatment response was further assessed. A multivariate Cox predictive model was constructed, and its performance was validated using the 24-month calibration curve, Harrell's C-index, and Brier score. A nomogram was developed for individualized risk prediction. Results: The cumulative recurrence rates at 12, 24, and 36 months were 22.3%, 35.6%, and 44.7%, respectively. Multivariate analysis identified higher lesion count (11-20: HR = 2.39; > 20: HR = 2.96) and incomplete treatment response (HR = 2.43) as independent risk factors. Immunosuppression and regular sunscreen use were not significant. Although visual analysis suggested elevated risk with more lesions and incomplete response, their interaction term was not statistically significant. The model demonstrated moderate discrimination (C-index = 0.630) and good calibration (Brier score = 0.176). The nomogram enabled individualized risk estimation. Conclusion: Lesion burden and incomplete treatment response significantly predict recurrence in multiple AKs patients. The developed Cox model and nomogram offer a clinically useful tool for identifying high-risk individuals and optimizing management strategies.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What Socratic holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the Socratic graph.