Evidence map›Paper›PMID 41756530›Full record

ReviewMaterials today. Bio2026

Advanced multifunctional thermo- and electro-stimulative hydrogels for bone regeneration.

Yuheng Zhang, Yi Wang, Jiahu Zou, Jiandang Huang, Qiang Zhong, Yixin Xu, Mingyuan Lei, Rong Chen, Ding Wang, Hao Li and 4 more

Abstract readReview
PubMed Full text at PMC Publisher
In one paragraph

Review in Materials today. Bio, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 1 paper.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
1citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

1 citing paper in PubMed.

  1. Review
4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

14 authors.

Yuheng ZhangDepartment of Orthopedic, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, 510515, China.
Yi WangDepartment of Orthopedic, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, 510515, China.
Jiahu ZouDepartment of Orthopedic, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, 510515, China.
Jiandang HuangDepartment of Orthopedic, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, 510515, China.
Qiang ZhongDepartment of Orthopedic, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, 510515, China.
Yixin XuDepartment of Orthopedic, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, 510515, China.
Mingyuan LeiDepartment of Orthopedic, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, 510515, China.
Rong ChenDepartment of Orthopedic, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, 510515, China.
Ding WangDepartment of Orthopedic, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, 510515, China.
Hao LiDepartment of Orthopedic, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, 510515, China.
Hongyu WangDepartment of Orthopedic, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, 510515, China.
Jian WangDepartment of Orthopedic, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, 510515, China.
Zhanjun ShiDepartment of Orthopedic, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, 510515, China.
Hao ChengDepartment of Orthopedic, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, 510515, China.

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

Bone defects caused by trauma, infection, tumors, osteoporosis, and diabetes disrupt skeletal integrity and impair regeneration. The healing process involves inflammatory hematoma formation, callus development, and remodeling, coordinated by diverse cells and signaling pathways. Conventional grafts and inorganic implants are limited by donor scarcity, immune rejection, and low bioactivity, necessitating more effective repair strategies. Recently, multifunctional smart hydrogels have emerged as a frontier in bone regeneration due to their biocompatibility, tunable structure, and ability to integrate diverse functionalities. This review systematically summarizes recent advances in thermotherapy- and electrotherapy-stimulative hydrogels for bone defect repair. Photothermal and magnetothermal hydrogels provide controlled thermal stimulation to activate Wnt/β-catenin, HIF-1α, and heat shock protein pathways, thereby promoting osteogenesis, angiogenesis, and immune modulation while exhibiting antibacterial and antitumor effects. Conductive and piezoelectric hydrogels reconstruct the native bioelectric microenvironment of bone, enhancing cellular activity and matrix mineralization through electrical or mechanoelectrical coupling. Finally, the review discusses the current challenges, design considerations, and future perspectives of advanced hydrogel systems in bone regeneration.

Indexed as

Electrical stimulation (ES)ImmunomodulationMagnetic hyperthermia (MHT)Multifunctional hydrogelsPathological bone defect regenerationPhotothermal therapy (PTT)

Identifiers

PMID41756530
PMCPMC12933855

What Socratic holds

Textmetadata
LicenceCC BY-NC-ND
Read underepoch 390

Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the Socratic graph.