SynthesisFrontiers in endocrinology2026
Association between hypothyroidism and risk of chronic kidney disease: evidence from a systematic review and meta-analysis.
Synthesis in Frontiers in endocrinology, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
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Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
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Authors and funding
5 authors.
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Abstract
Background: Chronic kidney disease (CKD) has become a significant issue in global public health, with its prevalence showing a persistent upward trend. Traditional risk factors cannot fully explain the persistent increase in incidence rates. Hypothyroidism, a common endocrine disorder, is considered a potential non-traditional risk factor for CKD, but the evidence remains inconsistent. This study aims to systematically evaluate the association between hypothyroidism and CKD risk. Methods: Search PubMed, Embase, Web of Science, and Cochrane Library databases for relevant literature up to September 1, 2025. Included observational studies reporting the association between overt or subclinical hypothyroidism and CKD risk, providing odds ratios (OR) or hazard ratios (HR) with 95% confidence intervals (CIs). Quality assessment was conducted using the Newcastle-Ottawa Scale (NOS) and the Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality (AHRQ) quality assessment tool. Calculate pooled risk estimates using random-effects models, and conduct subgroup analyses, sensitivity analyses, and publication bias analyses. Results: A total of 13 publications reporting 15 studies (11 cross-sectional and 4 cohort studies) involving approximately 5,101,102 participants were included. The pooled analysis of cross-sectional studies demonstrated that hypothyroidism was significantly associated with CKD (OR = 1.66, 95% CI: 1.43-1.94; Conclusion: This systematic review and meta-analysis suggests that hypothyroidism is associated with an increased risk of CKD. Future well-designed prospective and interventional studies are needed to clarify temporal and causal relationships and to elucidate the underlying mechanisms between hypothyroidism and renal dysfunction. Systematic Review Registration: https://www.crd.york.ac.uk/prospero/, identifier CRD420251143834.
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