ArticleOne health (Amsterdam, Netherlands)2026
Characterization of antibiotic-resistant bacteria and phylogenetic analysis of
Article in One health (Amsterdam, Netherlands), 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.
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Abstract
Background: The routine use of antibiotics in modern poultry farming practices has contributed to the rise of antibiotic resistance, posing a risk to human health through the transfer and spread of resistant bacteria and genes across different sectors. This study aimed to investigate the carriage of antibiotic-resistant bacteria in healthy broiler chickens in Pakistan. Methods: A total of 151 chicken cloacal swab samples were collected from different poultry farms and retailers' shops in the district of Rawalpindi, Pakistan. The samples were inoculated on the growth media with and without antibiotics (cefotaxime, meropenem, ciprofloxacin, colistin) for selection of resistant organisms. Antibiotic sensitivity tests were performed for a subset of isolates from non-antibiotic plates following Clinical and Laboratory Standards Institute (CLSI) guidelines 2025. Single, multiplex and enterobacterial repetitive intergenic consensus PCRs were carried out to screen the resistance genes, phylogroups and types of Results: From 151 cloacal swabs, 1505 isolates were recovered where Conclusions: The presence of antibiotic-resistant bacteria in healthy chickens is a significant public health concern and reflects inappropriate antimicrobial use in the poultry and animal sector. Poultry may serve as an important reservoir for the transmission of resistant bacteria between humans and the environment.
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