Evidence map›Paper›PMID 41757271›Full record

ArticleOne health (Amsterdam, Netherlands)2026

Characterization of antibiotic-resistant bacteria and phylogenetic analysis of

Ayaz Ali Khan, Muhammad Ibrahim Khan, Habib Ullah, Farwa Gohar, Aitezaz Ahsan, Hamid Irshad, Rabaab Zahra

Abstract read
In one paragraph

Article in One health (Amsterdam, Netherlands), 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
0citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

0 citing papers in PubMed.

No citing paper in PubMed yet.

4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

7 authors.

Ayaz Ali KhanDepartment of Microbiology, Faculty of Biological Sciences, Quaid-i-Azam University, Islamabad 45320, Pakistan.
Muhammad Ibrahim KhanDepartment of Microbiology, Faculty of Biological Sciences, Quaid-i-Azam University, Islamabad 45320, Pakistan.
Habib UllahDepartment of Microbiology, Faculty of Biological Sciences, Quaid-i-Azam University, Islamabad 45320, Pakistan.
Farwa GoharDepartment of Microbiology, Faculty of Biological Sciences, Quaid-i-Azam University, Islamabad 45320, Pakistan.
Aitezaz AhsanAnimal Health Program, Animal Sciences Institute, National Agriculture Research Center, Islamabad 45320, Pakistan.
Hamid IrshadAnimal Health Program, Animal Sciences Institute, National Agriculture Research Center, Islamabad 45320, Pakistan.
Rabaab ZahraDepartment of Microbiology, Faculty of Biological Sciences, Quaid-i-Azam University, Islamabad 45320, Pakistan.

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

Background: The routine use of antibiotics in modern poultry farming practices has contributed to the rise of antibiotic resistance, posing a risk to human health through the transfer and spread of resistant bacteria and genes across different sectors. This study aimed to investigate the carriage of antibiotic-resistant bacteria in healthy broiler chickens in Pakistan. Methods: A total of 151 chicken cloacal swab samples were collected from different poultry farms and retailers' shops in the district of Rawalpindi, Pakistan. The samples were inoculated on the growth media with and without antibiotics (cefotaxime, meropenem, ciprofloxacin, colistin) for selection of resistant organisms. Antibiotic sensitivity tests were performed for a subset of isolates from non-antibiotic plates following Clinical and Laboratory Standards Institute (CLSI) guidelines 2025. Single, multiplex and enterobacterial repetitive intergenic consensus PCRs were carried out to screen the resistance genes, phylogroups and types of Results: From 151 cloacal swabs, 1505 isolates were recovered where Conclusions: The presence of antibiotic-resistant bacteria in healthy chickens is a significant public health concern and reflects inappropriate antimicrobial use in the poultry and animal sector. Poultry may serve as an important reservoir for the transmission of resistant bacteria between humans and the environment.

Indexed as

Antibiotic resistanceE. coliEnterobacteriaceaePoultryResistance genes

Identifiers

PMID41757271
PMCPMC12933600

What Socratic holds

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LicenceCC BY-NC
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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the Socratic graph.