Evidence mapPaperPMID 41757397Full record

SynthesisDiabetes, obesity & metabolism2026

Dose-Escalation Regimens for Incretin Mimetics in Type 2 Diabetes Are Associated With Tolerance for Nausea and Vomiting.

Michael A Nauck, Viktoria Punov, Yu Mi Kang, Soo Lim

Abstract readMeta-Analysis
In one paragraph

Synthesis in Diabetes, obesity & metabolism, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 1 paper.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
1citing papers in PubMed
field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

1 citing paper in PubMed.

  1. Article
4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

4 authors.

Michael A NauckDiabetes, Endocrinology, Metabolism Section Medical Department I, Josef-Hospital, Ruhr University Bochum, Bochum, Germany.ORCID https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5749-6954
Viktoria PunovDiabetes, Endocrinology, Metabolism Section Medical Department I, Josef-Hospital, Ruhr University Bochum, Bochum, Germany.
Yu Mi KangDivision of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Hypertension and TIMI Study Group, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA.ORCID https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6272-0666
Soo LimDepartment of Internal Medicine, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul National University Bundang Hospital, Seongnam, South Korea.ORCID https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4137-1671

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

aims/hypothesisInitial dose-escalation has been shown to mitigate gastrointestinal adverse events in people treated with incretin-based medications. We aimed to analyse dose-response relationships for the proportion of study participants reporting nausea and vomiting among those exposed to incretin mimetics approved for Type 2 diabetes (GLP-1 receptor agonists and the dual GIP/GLP-1 receptor agonist tirzepatide) in Phase 1 (no or short dose escalation) and Phase 3 (with dose escalation) trials.

methodsNon-linear regression analysis (curve fitting) was used to estimate the dose that would elicit nausea or vomiting in 50% of exposed subjects (ED

resultsThe development of tolerance for nausea and vomiting (indicated by a ratio of ED CONCLUSIONS/

interpretationTaken together, optimised dose-escalation regimens may lead to greater tolerance for nausea and vomiting, which allows to use of higher doses, which are associated with greater therapeutic effectiveness.

Indexed as

Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2Hypoglycemic AgentsIncretinsNauseaVomitingClinical Trials, Phase I as TopicClinical Trials, Phase III as TopicClinical Trials, Phase IV as TopicDose-Response Relationship, DrugDrug ToleranceFemaleGlucagon-Like Peptide-1 Receptor AgonistsGlucagon-Like PeptidesHumansMaleMiddle AgedGlucagon-Like Peptide-1 Receptor AgonistsGlucagon-Like PeptidesHypoglycemic AgentsIncretinsSemaglutideTirzepatideGLP‐1 analoguepharmaco‐epidemiologytype 2 diabetesweight control

Identifiers

PMID41757397
PMCPMC13071187

What Socratic holds

Texttitle and abstract
LicenceCC BY
Read underepoch 390

Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the Socratic graph.