Evidence mapPaperPMID 41759472Full record

ArticleInternational dental journal2026

Assessing links between dental fluorosis and oral/systemic health via salivary microbiome in Chinese young adults.

Qinglong Wang, Yingying Zhai, Yifan Zhang, Zhenzhen Li, Qi Wang, Shanshan Liu

Abstract read
In one paragraph

Article in International dental journal, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 1 paper.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
1citing papers in PubMed
field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

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Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

1 citing paper in PubMed.

  1. Article
4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

6 authors.

Qinglong WangDepartment of Stomatology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Bengbu Medical University, Bengbu, China; Anhui Key Laboratory of Infection and Immunity, Bengbu Medical University, Bengbu, China; Department of Stomatology, Bengbu Medical University, Bengbu, China.
Yingying ZhaiDepartment of Stomatology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Bengbu Medical University, Bengbu, China; Anhui Key Laboratory of Infection and Immunity, Bengbu Medical University, Bengbu, China; Department of Stomatology, Bengbu Medical University, Bengbu, China.
Yifan ZhangDepartment of Stomatology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Bengbu Medical University, Bengbu, China; Anhui Key Laboratory of Infection and Immunity, Bengbu Medical University, Bengbu, China; Department of Stomatology, Bengbu Medical University, Bengbu, China.
Zhenzhen LiDepartment of Stomatology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Bengbu Medical University, Bengbu, China.
Qi WangCuiying Biomedical Research Center, Lanzhou University Second Hospital, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, China.
Shanshan LiuDepartment of Stomatology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Bengbu Medical University, Bengbu, China; Anhui Key Laboratory of Infection and Immunity, Bengbu Medical University, Bengbu, China; Department of Stomatology, Bengbu Medical University, Bengbu, China. Electronic address: liushansahncan@163.com.

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

objectivesThis study utilized dual control groups, caries patients (a representative bacterial infectious disease) and healthy individuals, to identify the core microbiome specific to dental fluorosis and elucidate the potential associations with systemic health and diseases from the perspective of the oral-gut-lung axis.

methodsInitially, 1001 volunteers were recruited, among whom 959 provided complete questionnaire data. In subsequent omics analyses, saliva samples from 387 participants (HC: n = 117; DC: n = 138; DF: n = 132) were included, and background confounders were controlled via partial correlation analysis. Multidimensional analyses based on 16S rRNA sequencing revealed significant intergroup separation of microbial communities.

resultsBy comparing differentially abundant taxa across pairwise comparisons (HC vs DC, HC vs DF, DC vs DF), 24 key DF-associated microorganisms were identified. These microbial markers exhibited high diagnostic accuracy, with area under the receiver operating characteristic curve values of 92.6% and 89.3% for distinguishing DF from HC and DF from DC, respectively. t-SNE dimensionality reduction further confirmed that the microbial signature clearly separated the DF group from both HC and DC groups. Microbial co-occurrence network analysis revealed significant positive correlations between Enhydrobacter and Caulobacter, Mycobacterium and Enhydrobacter, and Mycobacterium and Caulobacter.

conclusionsThis study provides evidence at the transmissible microecological level that dental fluorosis possesses a distinct microbiome profile compared to dental caries. In addition, the long-term periodontal status of patients with dental fluorosis and its potential link to periodontitis, intestinal and respiratory system diseases merit further investigation.

Indexed as

Fluorosis, DentalMicrobiotaOral HealthSalivaAdultCase-Control StudiesChinaDental CariesEast Asian PeopleFemaleHumansMaleRNA, Ribosomal, 16SYoung AdultRNA, Ribosomal, 16SDental fluorosisMicrobiomePublic healthSaliva

Identifiers

PMID41759472
PMCPMC12954305

What Socratic holds

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LicenceCC BY-NC-ND
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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the Socratic graph.