ReviewJournal of food protection2026
Reoccurring, Emerging, and Persisting (REP) Strains: A Framework for Surveillance and Investigation of Pathogens of Public Health Importance.
Review in Journal of food protection, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 1 paper.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
1 citing paper in PubMed.
- Genomic Epidemiology of Salmonella enterica Serovar Hadar Strain Linked to Poultry-Associated Salmonellosis Outbreaks, United States.Emerging infectious diseases · 2026Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
19 authors.
Funding
Abstract
Acute outbreaks represent only a small fraction of all reported foodborne illness in the United States. Increasing identification of genetically related bacterial strains that cause human illness over periods much longer than traditional outbreaks necessitates a novel framework for understanding and investigating these reoccurring, emerging, and persisting (REP) strains. We describe the evolution of bacterial subtyping methods, from traditional serotyping to whole genome sequencing, which has substantially enhanced the ability to group together illnesses that are likely linked to a common food, animal, or environmental source. The proposed REP strain framework categorizes strains based on the epidemiological pattern of human illnesses: reoccurring strains cause periodic outbreaks, emerging strains demonstrate increasing incidence, and persisting strains consistently cause illnesses over time. We present case studies of six REP strains being tracked by health and regulatory agencies in the United States, including by PulseNet, the national molecular subtyping network for surveillance of bacterial enteric infections. These examples illustrate the diverse epidemiologic and genomic characteristics of REP strains and the opportunity they present to better understand how pathogens move between humans, foods, animals, and the environment. Effective monitoring and control of REP strains requires interdisciplinary collaboration among public health and regulatory agencies, academia, and industry to develop innovative investigational approaches that extend beyond traditional outbreak response. Investigation of REP strains can provide a better understanding of the drivers of illnesses that are not part of recognized outbreaks. Further, it has the potential to provide insights into pathogen transmission pathways that can inform broader prevention strategies aimed at reducing the overall burden of foodborne and other infections.
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What Socratic holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the Socratic graph.