Evidence map›Paper›PMID 41762291›Full record

ArticleMikrochimica acta2026

Automated air plasma-assisted functionalization of graphite electrodes for enhanced electrochemical sensing of uric acid.

Mariana C Marra, Marina Di-Oliveira, Raquel G Rocha, Teodoro R Terra, Robert D Crapnell, Craig E Banks, Eduardo M Richter, Rodrigo A A Muñoz

Abstract read
PubMed Full text at PMC Publisher
In one paragraph

Article in Mikrochimica acta, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 1 paper.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
1citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

1 citing paper in PubMed.

  1. Article
4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

8 authors.

Mariana C MarraInstitute of Chemistry, Federal University of Uberlândia, Uberlândia, 38408-100, Brazil.
Marina Di-OliveiraInstitute of Chemistry, Federal University of Uberlândia, Uberlândia, 38408-100, Brazil.
Raquel G RochaInstitute of Chemistry, Federal University of Uberlândia, Uberlândia, 38408-100, Brazil.
Teodoro R TerraInstitute of Chemistry, Federal University of Uberlândia, Uberlândia, 38408-100, Brazil.
Robert D CrapnellFaculty of Science and Engineering, Manchester Metropolitan University, Dalton Building, Chester Street, Manchester, M1 5GD, Great Britain.
Craig E BanksFaculty of Science and Engineering, Manchester Metropolitan University, Dalton Building, Chester Street, Manchester, M1 5GD, Great Britain.
Eduardo M RichterInstitute of Chemistry, Federal University of Uberlândia, Uberlândia, 38408-100, Brazil. emrichter@ufu.br.
Rodrigo A A MuñozInstitute of Chemistry, Federal University of Uberlândia, Uberlândia, 38408-100, Brazil. munoz@ufu.br.

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

A lab-made robotic system is presented that integrates an arc discharge air plasma generator with automated X- and Y-axis motion, enabling rapid treatment (25 s per 0.19 cm²) of graphite sheet (GS) electrodes with improved reproducibility compared to manual handheld plasma treatment. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) revealed an increase in surface roughness and the formation of 3D nanoflake structures following plasma treatment. Complementary Raman spectroscopy analysis showed an elevated D-to-G band intensity ratio (ID/IG), indicating a higher density of structural defects. Electrochemical characterization using cyclic voltammetry demonstrated enhanced electrochemical responses for ferricyanide and various organic compounds, including catechol, codeine, ketamine, paracetamol, sibutramine, and uric acid. The improvements were observed as increased current intensities and negative shifts in redox peak potentials, reflecting enhanced electron transfer kinetics at the treated electrode surface. The lower charge transfer resistance measured by electron impedance spectroscopy (EIS) and the higher heterogeneous electron transfer rate constant (k0) obtained for plasma-treated GS electrodes are consistent with these results. As proof of concept, treated GS sensors were used to detect uric acid, an important clinical biomarker, in spiked synthetic saliva and urine samples, using optimized differential pulse voltammetry (DPV) conditions. Linear ranges (between 1.0 and 400.0 and 400.0–1000.0 µmol L− 1) and a limit of detection (LOD) of 0.08 µmol L− 1 were achieved. Appropriate recovery values (106–109%) were also obtained for the analysis of spiked samples.

Indexed as

Arc discharge plasmaAutomated systemBiomarkerDifferential pulse voltammetryGraphite paperGraphite sheet electrodesTesla coil

Identifiers

PMID41762291
PMCPMC12950079

What Socratic holds

Textmetadata
LicenceCC BY
Read underepoch 390

Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the Socratic graph.