Evidence map›Paper›PMID 41762656›Full record

ArticleCell reports2026

Lipocalin 2 orchestrates resistance to ferroptosis via AXL.

Sabrina Z Wang, J Payton Timken, Ellen S Hong, Sehaj Kaur, Eli Newby, Kristen E Kay, Erin E Mulkearns-Hubert, Daniel J Silver, Juyeun Lee, Joshua B Rubin and 5 more

Abstract read
In one paragraph

Article in Cell reports, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 4 papers.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
4citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

4 citing papers in PubMed.

  1. Review
  2. Review
  3. Review
  4. Article
4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

15 authors.

Sabrina Z WangDepartment of Cancer Sciences, Cleveland Clinic Research, Cleveland, OH, USA; Medical Scientist Training Program (MSTP), School of Medicine, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH, USA; Department of Pathology, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH, USA.
J Payton TimkenDepartment of Cancer Sciences, Cleveland Clinic Research, Cleveland, OH, USA.
Ellen S HongDepartment of Cancer Sciences, Cleveland Clinic Research, Cleveland, OH, USA; Medical Scientist Training Program (MSTP), School of Medicine, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH, USA.
Sehaj KaurDepartment of Cancer Sciences, Cleveland Clinic Research, Cleveland, OH, USA.
Eli NewbyDepartment of Cancer Sciences, Cleveland Clinic Research, Cleveland, OH, USA.
Kristen E KayDepartment of Cancer Sciences, Cleveland Clinic Research, Cleveland, OH, USA.
Erin E Mulkearns-HubertDepartment of Cancer Sciences, Cleveland Clinic Research, Cleveland, OH, USA; Case Comprehensive Cancer Center, Cleveland, OH, USA; Department of Molecular Medicine, Cleveland Clinic Lerner College of Medicine of Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine, Cleveland, OH, USA.
Daniel J SilverDepartment of Cancer Sciences, Cleveland Clinic Research, Cleveland, OH, USA; Case Comprehensive Cancer Center, Cleveland, OH, USA; Department of Pathology, Cleveland Clinic Lerner College of Medicine of Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine, Cleveland, OH, USA.
Juyeun LeeDepartment of Cancer Sciences, Cleveland Clinic Research, Cleveland, OH, USA.
Joshua B RubinDepartment of Pediatrics, McDonnell Pediatric Research Building, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO, USA.
James R ConnorDepartment of Neurosurgery, Penn State Hershey Medical Center, Hershey, PA, USA.
Loic P DeleyrolleDepartment of Molecular Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Jacksonville, FL 32224, USA.
Deanna TiekDepartment of Cancer Sciences, Cleveland Clinic Research, Cleveland, OH, USA; Case Comprehensive Cancer Center, Cleveland, OH, USA; Department of Molecular Medicine, Cleveland Clinic Lerner College of Medicine of Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine, Cleveland, OH, USA.
Andrew DhawanDepartment of Cancer Sciences, Cleveland Clinic Research, Cleveland, OH, USA; Department of Pathology, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH, USA; Department of Molecular Medicine, Cleveland Clinic Lerner College of Medicine of Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine, Cleveland, OH, USA; Rose Ella Burkhardt Brain Tumor and Neuro-Oncology Center, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH 44195, USA.
Justin D LathiaDepartment of Cancer Sciences, Cleveland Clinic Research, Cleveland, OH, USA; Case Comprehensive Cancer Center, Cleveland, OH, USA; Department of Molecular Medicine, Cleveland Clinic Lerner College of Medicine of Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine, Cleveland, OH, USA; Rose Ella Burkhardt Brain Tumor and Neuro-Oncology Center, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH 44195, USA. Electronic address: lathiaj@ccf.org.

Funding

Sex-specific differences in the tumor microenvironment alter glioblastoma growthP01CA245705 · NCI · CLEVELAND CLINIC LERNER COM-CWRU · PI Justin D. Lathia · 2020 to 2026
$15.0M
Contribution of Myeloid-Derived Suppressor Cells to Neuro-Inflammatory Alterations and Disease Progression in GlioblastomaR35NS127083 · NINDS · CLEVELAND CLINIC LERNER COM-CWRU · PI Justin D. Lathia · 2022 to 2026
$3.1M
Computational Genomic Epidemiology of Cancer (CoGEC) Training ProgramT32CA094186 · NCI · CASE WESTERN RESERVE UNIVERSITY · PI Thomas Louis LaFramboise, Rong Xu · 2017 to 2026
$2.6M
Metabolic interactions between tumor cells and the immune system in GBM: A potential Achilles heel of GBM for novel therapeuticsR01NS121075 · NINDS · UNIVERSITY OF FLORIDA · PI DELEYROLLE, LOIC PIERRE · 2022 to 2025
$1.6M
NCI NIH HHS P01 CA245705NCI NIH HHS T32 CA094186NINDS NIH HHS R01 NS121075NINDS NIH HHS R35 NS127083
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

Glioblastoma (GBM) remains a lethal tumor, largely due to robust mechanisms that prevent effective induction of cell death. Ferroptosis, a form of iron-dependent cell death, is a promising vulnerability in GBM. Here, we demonstrate that lipocalin-2 (LCN2) suppresses ferroptosis in GBM cells via the receptor tyrosine kinase AXL. LCN2 was elevated in GBM cells compared to lower-grade tumor and non-transformed cells, and Lcn2 knockdown impaired GBM cell fitness and growth in vitro and in vivo. Mechanistically, Lcn2 knockdown triggered ferroptosis, which was specifically rescued with ferroptosis inhibitors but not apoptosis or necroptosis inhibitors. Lcn2 knockdown reduced AXL phosphorylation, which was elevated in GBM patient tumors relative to non-tumor tissue. Notably, the combination of Lcn2 knockdown and pharmacological AXL inhibition extended survival compared to Lcn2 knockdown alone. Taken together, these data reveal a link between LCN2-mediated suppression of ferroptosis with AXL phosphorylation and support this axis as a potential therapeutic target for GBM.

Indexed as

Brain NeoplasmsFerroptosisGlioblastomaLipocalin-2Proto-Oncogene ProteinsReceptor Protein-Tyrosine KinasesAnimalsApoptosisAxl Receptor Tyrosine KinaseCell Line, TumorHumansMicePhosphorylationAXL protein, humanAxl Receptor Tyrosine KinaseLCN2 protein, humanLipocalin-2Proto-Oncogene ProteinsReceptor Protein-Tyrosine KinasesAXLcell deathCP: cancerglioblastomalipocalin-2

Identifiers

PMID41762656
PMCPMC13075641

What Socratic holds

Textmetadata
LicenceCC BY-NC-ND
Read underepoch 390

Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the Socratic graph.