Evidence mapPaperPMID 41765741Full record

ArticleSleep health2026

Multidimensional association of sleep health with dietary habits and physical activity in adolescents.

Pura Ballester-Navarro, Casandra C Nyhuis, Natasha Morales-Ghinaglia, Kristina P Lenker, Susan L Calhoun, Jason Liao, Alexandros N Vgontzas, Duanping Liao, Edward O Bixler, Julio Fernandez-Mendoza

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Article in Sleep health, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.

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1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

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3 · Its place in the literature

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4 · The record

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5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

10 authors.

Pura Ballester-NavarroSleep Research & Treatment Center, Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Health, Penn State College of Medicine, Hershey, Pennsylvania, USA; Universidad Católica de Murcia (UCAM), Murcia, Spain.
Casandra C NyhuisSleep Research & Treatment Center, Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Health, Penn State College of Medicine, Hershey, Pennsylvania, USA; Department of Public Health Sciences, Penn State College of Medicine, Hershey, Pennsylvania, USA.
Natasha Morales-GhinagliaSleep Research & Treatment Center, Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Health, Penn State College of Medicine, Hershey, Pennsylvania, USA; Geisinger Commonwealth School of Medicine, Scranton, Pennsylvania, USA.
Kristina P LenkerSleep Research & Treatment Center, Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Health, Penn State College of Medicine, Hershey, Pennsylvania, USA.
Susan L CalhounSleep Research & Treatment Center, Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Health, Penn State College of Medicine, Hershey, Pennsylvania, USA.
Jason LiaoDepartment of Public Health Sciences, Penn State College of Medicine, Hershey, Pennsylvania, USA.
Alexandros N VgontzasSleep Research & Treatment Center, Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Health, Penn State College of Medicine, Hershey, Pennsylvania, USA.
Duanping LiaoDepartment of Public Health Sciences, Penn State College of Medicine, Hershey, Pennsylvania, USA.
Edward O BixlerSleep Research & Treatment Center, Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Health, Penn State College of Medicine, Hershey, Pennsylvania, USA.
Julio Fernandez-MendozaSleep Research & Treatment Center, Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Health, Penn State College of Medicine, Hershey, Pennsylvania, USA. Electronic address: jfmendoza@psu.edu.

Funding

NHLBI NIH HHS R01 HL136587
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

backgroundWhile insufficient sleep is associated with poor lifestyle factors, a multidimensional approach assessing multiple sleep health dimensions via subjective and objective measures has emerged as a more comprehensive method of investigating these relationships. We examine the multidimensional association between sleep health, diet, and physical activity (PA).

methodsWe studied 373 adolescents from the Penn State Child Cohort (16.4 ± 2.3 years; 46.6% female; 20.9% racial/ethnic minority), of whom 234 (63.5%) were evaluated while in-school. Sleep dimensions were assessed via self-reports, actigraphy (ACT), and polysomnography (PSG). PA was assessed via ACT and self-reports, metabolic equivalent of task (MET) via ACT, and diet via self-reports. Stepwise multivariable-adjusted regression models tested the association between sleep dimensions and lifestyle factors.

resultsLater self-reported and ACT-measured bedtime and rising time were associated with more snacking, higher caloric intake, and sedentarism. A later ACT-measured sleep midpoint was associated with higher carbohydrate intake and more snacking. Higher ACT-measured sleep variability was associated with higher sedentarism. Longer self-reported or ACT-measured sleep latency was associated with more snacking and higher PA and METs. Longer ACT-measured time in bed was associated with lower PA. Sleep dimensions were more strongly associated with diet, PA, and sedentarism among adolescents evaluated while in-school, whereas they were more strongly associated with snacking among those on-break. PSG-measured sleep dimensions were not strongly associated with lifestyle factors; although a greater apnea/hypopnea index was associated with lower METs and greater sedentarism, it was not significant after adjusting for BMI.

conclusionsEvaluating sleep with a multidimensional approach better captures its association with lifestyle factors. Future research should assess downstream effects on cardiovascular outcomes.

Indexed as

DietExerciseFeeding BehaviorSleepActigraphyAdolescentFemaleHumansMalePolysomnographySelf ReportSleep DurationActigraphyAdolescentsDietary habitsPhysical activityPolysomnographySleep health

Identifiers

PMID41765741
PMCPMC13006089

What Socratic holds

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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the Socratic graph.