Evidence map›Paper›PMID 41766856›Full record

ReviewFrontiers in immunology2026

Immunosenescence and inflammaging in Parkinson's disease: mechanisms and therapeutic prospects.

Ruyu Yan, Hongfang Feng, Jie Zhang

Abstract readReview
In one paragraph

Review in Frontiers in immunology, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 2 papers.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
2citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

2 citing papers in PubMed.

  1. Article
  2. Review
4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

3 authors.

Ruyu YanQueen Mary School, Jiangxi Medical College, Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi, China.
Hongfang FengThe First Affiliated Hospital, College of Clinical Medicine, Henan University of Science and Technology, Luoyang, Henan, China.
Jie ZhangDepartment of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital, Jiangxi Medical College, Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi, China.

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

Parkinson's disease (PD) is characterized by the progressive loss of dopaminergic neurons, with growing evidence underscoring the critical role of immunosenescence-the age-related dysregulation of the immune system-in its pathogenesis. This review delineates the intricate interplay between systemic immunosenescence, chronic neuroinflammation, and neurodegeneration in PD. We explore how age-related remodeling of the peripheral immune system, termed "inflammaging," promotes a pro-inflammatory milieu that compromises blood-brain barrier integrity and drives microglial activation within the central nervous system. A central focus is the senescence-associated secretory phenotype, a cocktail of pro-inflammatory factors released by senescent glial cells, which perpetuates a self-sustaining cycle of neuroinflammation, facilitates the propagation of pathological α-synuclein, and ultimately accelerates neuronal loss. The review further examines the disruption of vital neuroimmune communication pathways, including aberrant neuron-glia and gut-brain axis signaling, which are corrupted in the aging brain. We evaluate the translational promise of emerging therapeutic strategies designed to target this immunosenescence-neuroinflammation axis. These include senolytic agents to clear senescent cells, adoptive regulatory T-cell therapy, cytokine-targeted immunomodulation, and immune rejuvenation approaches. Finally, we discuss significant translational challenges and outline future research directions, emphasizing the need for advanced model systems, biomarker development, and AI-driven personalized medicine to successfully develop disease-modifying immunotherapies that disrupt the vicious cycle of immunosenescence and neurodegeneration in PD.

Indexed as

ImmunosenescenceNeuroinflammatory DiseasesParkinson DiseaseAgingAnimalsCellular SenescenceHumansInflammationSenescence-Associated Secretory PhenotypeimmunosenescenceneuroinflammationParkinson’s diseasesenescence-associated secretory phenotypetherapeutic strategies

Identifiers

PMID41766856
PMCPMC12935664

What Socratic holds

Textmetadata
LicenceCC BY
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Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the Socratic graph.