Evidence mapPaperPMID 41767310Full record

ArticleInternational journal of ophthalmology2026

Sex differences in retinal neurovascular changes in type 1 diabetes without retinopathy.

Yao Chen, Qian-Xin Li, Tong Zhang, Yao Tan, Rong-Han Wu, Ling Gao

Abstract read
In one paragraph

Article in International journal of ophthalmology, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 1 paper.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
1citing papers in PubMed
field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

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Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

1 citing paper in PubMed.

  1. Article
4 · The record

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PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

6 authors.

Yao ChenDepartment of Ophthalmology, Hunan Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Disorders, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha 410011, Hunan Province, China.
Qian-Xin LiNational Clinical Research Center for Ocular Diseases, Wenzhou 325027, Zhejiang Province, China.
Tong ZhangNational Clinical Research Center for Ocular Diseases, Wenzhou 325027, Zhejiang Province, China.
Yao TanDepartment of Ophthalmology, the Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha 410011, Hunan Province, China.
Rong-Han WuNational Clinical Research Center for Ocular Diseases, Wenzhou 325027, Zhejiang Province, China.
Ling GaoNational Clinical Research Center for Ocular Diseases, Wenzhou 325027, Zhejiang Province, China.

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

aimTo investigate the sex-specific correlation between systemic factors and retinal neurovascular alterations in individuals with type 1 diabetes mellitus (T1DM) who do not exhibit signs of diabetic retinopathy (DR).

methodsA cohort participant without DR diagnosed with T1DM, underwent comprehensive ophthalmologic evaluation, optical coherence tomography angiography retinal structural and microvascular density analysis, and systemic parameter assessment. Multiple linear regression analysis was used to investigate the impact of systemic parameters on retinal alterations in distinct gender groups.

resultsA total of 182 individuals were included, consisting of 85 males (mean age 23.28±12.75y) and 97 females (mean age 22.98±13.68y). Males exhibited significantly greater thickness in both the internal retinal layer and the entire retina compared to females (

conclusionSex differences in alterations in retinal structure and microcirculation are observed in individuals with T1DM prior to the development of clinical DR, with a noted association between these changes and systemic parameters.

Indexed as

diabetic retinopathygender differencesoptical coherence tomography angiographytype 1 diabetes mellitus

Identifiers

PMID41767310
PMCPMC12945616

What Socratic holds

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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the Socratic graph.