ArticleInternational journal of ophthalmology2026
Sex differences in retinal neurovascular changes in type 1 diabetes without retinopathy.
Article in International journal of ophthalmology, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 1 paper.
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
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Who cites it
1 citing paper in PubMed.
- Thyroid hormone regulatory system in the mouse retina: integrated transcriptional and translational analysis of deiodinase enzymes, thyroid hormone receptors and thyroid hormone transporters.Cell communication and signaling : CCS · 2026Article
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Authors and funding
6 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
aimTo investigate the sex-specific correlation between systemic factors and retinal neurovascular alterations in individuals with type 1 diabetes mellitus (T1DM) who do not exhibit signs of diabetic retinopathy (DR).
methodsA cohort participant without DR diagnosed with T1DM, underwent comprehensive ophthalmologic evaluation, optical coherence tomography angiography retinal structural and microvascular density analysis, and systemic parameter assessment. Multiple linear regression analysis was used to investigate the impact of systemic parameters on retinal alterations in distinct gender groups.
resultsA total of 182 individuals were included, consisting of 85 males (mean age 23.28±12.75y) and 97 females (mean age 22.98±13.68y). Males exhibited significantly greater thickness in both the internal retinal layer and the entire retina compared to females (
conclusionSex differences in alterations in retinal structure and microcirculation are observed in individuals with T1DM prior to the development of clinical DR, with a noted association between these changes and systemic parameters.
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