SynthesisFrontiers in endocrinology2026
Redefining evidence for teprotumumab in thyroid eye disease: an updated meta-analysis of efficacy and safety.
Synthesis in Frontiers in endocrinology, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 1 paper.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
1 citing paper in PubMed.
- TNFα drives disease-specific chemokine networks and orbital tissue remodeling in a preclinical model of thyroid eye disease.European thyroid journal · 2026Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
8 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Background: Thyroid eye disease (TED) is a sight-threatening autoimmune disorder with limited effective therapies. Teprotumumab, an insulin-like growth factor-1 receptor inhibitor, has emerged as a promising treatment. However, a comprehensive synthesis of its efficacy and safety across randomized trials remains limited. Methods: A systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials (RCTs) comparing teprotumumab with placebo in TED was conducted. Primary outcomes included proptosis response, overall response, change in proptosis, diplopia response, achievement of a Clinical Activity Score (CAS) ≤1, changes in Graves' ophthalmopathy-specific quality-of-life questionnaire (GO-QOL) scores and safety outcomes. Pooled risk ratios (RRs) and mean differences (MDs) with 95% confidence intervals (CIs) were calculated using random-effects models. Results: Seven RCTs involving 438 participants were included. Teprotumumab significantly improved all efficacy outcomes: proptosis response (RR, 6.87; 95% CI, 3.32 to 14.24), overall response (RR, 7.82; 95% CI, 3.36 to 18.18), reduction in proptosis (MD, -2.46 mm; 95% CI, -2.96 to -1.96), diplopia response (RR, 1.85; 95% CI, 1.28 to 2.68), CAS ≤1 (RR, 3.39; 95% CI, 2.41 to 4.78) and increase in GO-QOL overall score (MD, 10.87; 95% CI, 9.91 to 11.83). Safety analysis indicated elevated risks of hyperglycemia (RR, 2.82; 95% CI, 1.08 to 7.37), muscle spasms (RR, 3.83; 95% CI, 1.97 to 7.43), dry skin (RR, 6.54; 95% CI, 1.52 to 28.09), and hearing impairment (RR, 3.74; 95% CI, 1.26 to 11.13). Conclusions: Teprotumumab provides substantial, consistent benefits in improving proptosis, diplopia, disease activity and GO-QOL in TED. Clinicians should monitor for adverse events, particularly hyperglycemia and hearing impairment. These findings reinforce teprotumumab as a pivotal therapeutic option and support balanced risk-benefit evaluation.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What Socratic holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the Socratic graph.