Evidence mapPaperPMID 41769028Full record

ReviewRSC advances2026

Indium phosphide quantum dots: advanced synthesis, surface engineering, and biomedical applications in imaging, sensing, and therapy.

A K Kareem, Musallam Ahmed Salim Tabook, Esraa H J Mahdi, Ahmed Said Badawy, M M Rekha, Laxmidhar Maharana, P Grace Kanmani Prince, Gaganjot Kaur, Hamza Fadhel Hamzah, Nadia Sarhan

Abstract readReview
In one paragraph

Review in RSC advances, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 2 papers.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
2citing papers in PubMed
field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

2 citing papers in PubMed.

  1. Review
  2. Review
4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

10 authors.

A K KareemBiomedical Engineering Department, College of Engineering, Al-Mustaqbal University Hillah 51001 Babil Iraq.
Musallam Ahmed Salim TabookDepartment of Mathematics and Sciences, College of Arts and Applied Sciences, Dhofar university Salalah-Sultanate of Oman Oman.
Esraa H J MahdiCollege of Pharmacy, The Islamic University Najaf Iraq.
Ahmed Said BadawyDepartment of Computer Engineering, College of Computer Science, King Khalid University Al-Faraa Kingdom of Saudi Arabia.
M M RekhaDepartment of Chemistry and Biochemistry, School of Sciences, JAIN (Deemed to be University) Bangalore Karnataka India.
Laxmidhar MaharanaDepartment of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Siksha 'O' Anusandhan (Deemed to be University) Bhubaneswar Odisha-751030 India.
P Grace Kanmani PrinceDepartment of Biomedical, Sathyabama Institute of Science and Technology Chennai Tamil Nadu India.
Gaganjot KaurDepartment of Electronics and Communication Engineering, Chandigarh University Mohali Punjab India.
Hamza Fadhel HamzahDepartment of Medical Laboratories Technology, AL-Nisour University College Baghdad Iraq.
Nadia SarhanYoung Researchers and Elite Club, Tehran Branch, Islamic Azad University Tehran Iran msarhannadia@gmail.com.ORCID https://orcid.org/0009-0005-0469-3435

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

Indium phosphide quantum dots (InP QDs) are emerging as non-toxic, tunable, and biocompatible semiconductor nanomaterials with transformative potential in biomedical applications. This review highlights cutting-edge synthesis methods, including nonclassical nucleation and scalable production, alongside innovative surface engineering techniques such as ligand exchange, polymer coatings, and inorganic passivation to overcome challenges like surface defects and indium release. We explore their superior near-infrared (NIR) emission and low cytotoxicity, enabling high-sensitivity NIR bioimaging, resonance energy transfer-based biosensing, photodynamic therapy, drug delivery, and neural prosthetics. Compared to other nanoparticles, InP QDs offer enhanced NIR performance and regulatory compliance, making them economically viable for diagnostics and therapeutics. By addressing safety concerns through advanced shell designs and safer precursors, InP QDs pave the way for clinical translation. This review, with a focused emphasis on the biomedical translation of InP QDs, provides a structured roadmap for researchers and clinicians to harness their potential in next-generation healthcare solutions.

Identifiers

PMID41769028
PMCPMC12939315

What Socratic holds

Textmetadata
LicenceCC BY
Read underepoch 390

Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the Socratic graph.