ArticleMaterials today. Bio2026
MicroRNA-493-5p engineered exosomes delivered via piezoelectric microneedles for epigenetic modulation of macrophages in diabetic wound healing.
Article in Materials today. Bio, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 2 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
2 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it.
- [Diabetic foot care: full-lifecycle management driven by digital intelligent technologies].Zhongguo xiu fu chong jian wai ke za zhi = Zhongguo xiufu chongjian waike zazhi = Chinese journal of reparative and reconstructive surgery · 2026Pooled it
- Lactylation modification in extracellular vesicles: A key regulator of cellular communication.iScience · 2026Review
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
13 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Diabetic foot ulcers, affecting millions worldwide, face impaired healing due to dysregulated macrophage polarization. However, the epigenetic mechanisms underlying aberrant macrophage polarization remain to be elucidated. This study introduces a multifunctional, exosome-based delivery platform that combines miR-493-5p-engineered M2 macrophage exosomes with piezoelectric GelMA microneedles to reprogram macrophage metabolism and epigenetics for diabetic wound healing. Engineered EXO@miR-493-5p are embedded in GelMA microneedles (MN) and delivered via a ZnO piezoelectric substrate with a nanosilver/GOx coating to provide antibacterial and antioxidant benefits. Ultrasound-induced electrostimulation enhances exosome deposition and endocytic uptake, enabling sustained, localized cargo release. Mechanistically, miR-493-5p targets HDAC1 to amplify histone H3K18 lactylation, activating the STAT6 axis and driving metabolic reprogramming toward M2 polarization with upregulation of Arg1. In vitro, EXO@miR-493-5p promote M2 markers and angiogenesis. In vivo, they accelerate wound closure, promote re-epithelialization, collagen deposition, and neovascularization, while reducing ROS and inflammation. The integrated platform offers a translatable, epigenetic-metabolic strategy for chronic diabetic wounds.
Identifiers
What Socratic holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the Socratic graph.