Evidence mapPaperPMID 41769656Full record

ReviewFrontiers in nutrition2026

Vitamin deficiencies and Alzheimer's disease: evidence and implications for supplementation.

Mariya Timotey Miteva, Davide Laurenti, Roberto Mattioli, Daniel Di Risola, Alessia Mariano, Luciana Mosca

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In one paragraph

Review in Frontiers in nutrition, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
0citing papers in PubMed
field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

0 citing papers in PubMed.

No citing paper in PubMed yet.

4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

6 authors.

Mariya Timotey Miteva *Institute of Translational Pharmacology, CNR, Rome, Italy.
Davide Laurenti *Department of Biochemical Sciences, Faculty of Pharmacy and Medicine, Sapienza University, Rome, Italy.
Roberto MattioliDepartment of Biochemical Sciences, Faculty of Pharmacy and Medicine, Sapienza University, Rome, Italy.
Daniel Di RisolaDepartment of Biochemical Sciences, Faculty of Pharmacy and Medicine, Sapienza University, Rome, Italy.
Alessia MarianoDepartment of Biochemical Sciences, Faculty of Pharmacy and Medicine, Sapienza University, Rome, Italy.
Luciana MoscaDepartment of Biochemical Sciences, Faculty of Pharmacy and Medicine, Sapienza University, Rome, Italy.

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

Alzheimer's disease (AD) is a progressive neurodegenerative disorder characterized by beta-amyloid (Aβ) deposition, hyperphosphorylation of tau protein (pTau), mitochondrial impairment and neuroinflammation. Several risk factors, such as aging, genetics, cardiovascular diseases (CVD) and lifestyle, concur to the onset of the disease. Among modifiable risk factors, micronutrient intake has gained attention for its potential role in preventing or slowing down disease progression. In this narrative review, we summarize current evidence linking vitamin deficiencies to the onset and progression of AD. We analyze evidence for fat-soluble (A, D, E, K) and water-soluble vitamins (C and B-complex, both canonical B1-B12 and non-canonical forms such as B13, B15, and B17). We then analyze individual and combinational vitamin supplementation in AD patients as the primary focus, with additional data derived from animal and cellular studies when human data are limited. As final result, B6, B9, and B12 vitamins have demonstrated promising effects in clinical trials. Interestingly, some beneficial effects have also been observed in the prodromal stage of AD when these vitamins were combined with antioxidant compounds such as vitamin C and vitamin E. Given the multifactorial nature of AD, targeting isolated vitamin deficiencies may not be sufficient. Future research should focus on long-term clinical trials (at least 2 years), particularly exploring combinations of vitamins and antioxidants, to achieve meaningful therapeutic effects. This review is intended as a point of support for future clinical trials in the treatment of AD from a nutritional point of view.

Indexed as

Alzheimer’s diseasehypovitaminosisneurodegenerationnutritionoxidative stressvitamin cocktailvitaminsvitamin supplementation

Identifiers

PMID41769656
PMCPMC12947704

What Socratic holds

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Registered trials

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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the Socratic graph.