Evidence mapPaperPMID 41770244Full record

ReviewDiabetologia2026

Atypical diabetes subtypes in Black African populations.

Jean Claude Katte, Charlotte Bavuma, Sarah H Wild, Meredith Hawkins, Nihal Thomas, Eugene Sobngwi, Moffat J Nyirenda, Davis Kibirige

Abstract readReview
In one paragraph

Review in Diabetologia, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 1 paper.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
1citing papers in PubMed
field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

1 citing paper in PubMed.

  1. Review
4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

8 authors.

Jean Claude KatteDepartment of Clinical and Biomedical Sciences, University of Exeter Medical School, Exeter, UK. j.njabou-katte@exeter.ac.uk.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0001-5631-2810
Charlotte BavumaSchool of Medicine and Pharmacy, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Rwanda, Kigali, Rwanda.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0002-0302-3668
Sarah H WildUsher Institute, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0001-7824-2569
Meredith HawkinsGlobal Diabetes Institute, Diabetes Research Centre, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY, USA.ORCID http://orcid.org/0009-0009-8996-7747
Nihal ThomasDepartment of Endocrinology, Diabetes, and Metabolism, Christian Medical College, Vellore, India.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0002-4614-9519
Eugene SobngwiDepartment of Non-Communicable Diseases Research, RSD Institute, Yaoundé, Cameroon.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0001-5457-6572
Moffat J NyirendaDepartment of Non-Communicable Diseases Epidemiology, Faculty of Epidemiology and Population Health, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, London, UK.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0003-2120-4806
Davis KibirigeDepartment of Non-Communicable Diseases Epidemiology, Faculty of Epidemiology and Population Health, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, London, UK. kibirigedavis@gmail.com.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0001-5127-3031

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

Atypical diabetes subtypes and presentations are disproportionately prevalent in populations of African and Asian ancestry. This review discusses the epidemiology, clinical presentation, aetiopathogenesis and management of four atypical diabetes subtypes commonly reported in Black African populations. These are ketosis-prone diabetes (KPD), fibrocalculous pancreatic diabetes (FCPD), type 2 diabetes in individuals without overweight or obesity, and malnutrition-related diabetes (MRD). The review summarises current insights into these atypical diabetes subtypes in Black African populations and provides practical recommendations to guide their precision diagnosis and management in the African region. These four atypical diabetes subtypes exhibit phenotypic features that diverge from those of classical type 1 and type 2 diabetes. KPD is characterised by unprovoked, transient, index episodes of diabetic ketoacidosis, often in the absence of markers of islet cell autoimmunity, with frequent subsequent insulin independence and diabetes remission. FCPD typically presents in young lean individuals, with a strong male preponderance and with radiological evidence of pancreatic calcifications, reduced beta cell reserve and severe hyperglycaemia without ketosis. Type 2 diabetes in individuals without overweight or obesity is characterised by normal BMI with a trend towards low levels of markers of visceral adiposity, insulin resistance and an exaggerated beta cell secretory dysfunction. MRD is associated with a previous and persistent history of undernutrition, with features of undernutrition such as stunting and BMI <18.5 kg/m

Indexed as

Diabetes Mellitus, Type 1Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2African PeopleBlack PeopleDiabetic KetoacidosisHumansMalnutritionObesityAfricaAfrican populationsAtypical diabetes subtypesFibrocalculous pancreatic diabetesKetosis-prone diabetesMalnutrition-related diabetesReviewType 2 diabetes in individuals without overweight and obesity

Identifiers

PMID41770244
PMCPMC13109189

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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the Socratic graph.