Evidence map›Paper›PMID 41772154›Full record

ReviewNature reviews. Genetics2026

Epistasis and co-adaptation in bacterial genome evolution.

Elizabeth A Cummins, Priyanshu Singh Raikwar, Eve Hallett, Samuel K Sheppard

Abstract readReview
PubMed Publisher
In one paragraph

Review in Nature reviews. Genetics, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 3 papers.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
3citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

3 citing papers in PubMed.

  1. Review
  2. Article
  3. Article
4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

4 authors.

Elizabeth A CumminsIneos Oxford Institute for Antimicrobial Research, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0003-0575-3151
Priyanshu Singh RaikwarIneos Oxford Institute for Antimicrobial Research, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK.ORCID http://orcid.org/0009-0004-0204-8769
Eve HallettIneos Oxford Institute for Antimicrobial Research, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK.ORCID http://orcid.org/0009-0002-8268-8074
Samuel K SheppardIneos Oxford Institute for Antimicrobial Research, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK. samuel.sheppard@biology.ox.ac.uk.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0001-6901-3203

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

Precise genotype-phenotype mapping is essential in applied microbiology, from engineering genetically modified strains to developing tailored strategies for antimicrobial therapies. Comparative genomics often treats genes as independent contributors to phenotypes, and gene knockout and complementation remain the gold standard to validate genotype-phenotype associations in microorganisms. However, genes do not act in isolation, and complex gene-gene interactions, that is, epistatic interactions, are essential for the evolution and function of bacterial genomes. Recent advances in high-throughput genomics and experimental techniques have enabled systematic screens of epistasis in bacteria at scale, revealing mechanisms underlying epistasis and co-adaptation in laboratory and wild populations. Here we review how microbial genomics is moving beyond gene-centric models towards integrated analyses of potentiating, compensatory and context-dependent variation. The timely incorporation of interaction-based perspectives into population-scale analyses will improve genotype-phenotype mapping and the understanding of the complex traits that shape the microbial world.

Indexed as

Adaptation, PhysiologicalBacteriaEpistasis, GeneticEvolution, MolecularGenome, BacterialGenomicsPhenotype

Identifiers

What Socratic holds

Textmetadata
Read underepoch 390

Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the Socratic graph.