Observational studyAlzheimer's & dementia : the journal of the Alzheimer's Association2026
Increased incidence of mild cognitive impairment in long COVID patients.
Observational study in Alzheimer's & dementia : the journal of the Alzheimer's Association, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.
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Abstract
introductionThough brain fog is common in Long-coronavirus disease 2019 (Long-COVID), the incidence of mild cognitive impairment (MCI) is unknown.
methodsIn an observational cohort study, recovered COVID-positive, Long-COVID, and COVID-negative subjects underwent blinded evaluation using National Alzheimer's Coordinating Center (NACC) and National Institute on Aging (NIA) -Alzheimer's Association diagnostic criteria for dementia and MCI. The cumulative incidence of MCI was calculated for each group, and the hazard of MCI was compared between groups.
resultsAmong 260 subjects, the cumulative incidence of MCI over 4.4 years was higher with Long-COVID (27%) versus recovered-COVID (5%) or COVID-negative status (1%). There was a higher hazard of MCI for patients with Long-COVID compared to those without (hazard ratio [HR] 3.93, 95% confidence interval [CI] 1.86-8.31, p < 0.001), and specifically for the Alzheimer's disease (AD) -related MCI subtype (HR 3.20, 95% confidence interval [CI] 1.14-9.00, p = 0.027). DISCUSSION: The cumulative incidence and adjusted hazard of MCI (and specifically AD-related MCI) at 4.4 years was significantly higher among Long-COVID patients compared to recovered-COVID and COVID-negative controls.
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