Evidence mapPaperPMID 41772826Full record

ArticleProtein science : a publication of the Protein Society2026

Structural and morphological dynamics of "on-path" and "off-path" oligomers of human islet amyloid polypeptide.

Daniel Warren, Jadon Sitton, Dmitry Kurouski

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In one paragraph

Article in Protein science : a publication of the Protein Society, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 3 papers.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
3citing papers in PubMed
field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

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3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

3 citing papers in PubMed.

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4 · The record

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5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

3 authors.

Daniel WarrenDepartment of Biochemistry and Biophysics, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas, USA.
Jadon SittonDepartment of Biochemistry and Biophysics, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas, USA.
Dmitry KurouskiDepartment of Biochemistry and Biophysics, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas, USA.ORCID https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6040-4213

Funding

Biophysical determination of the underlying cause of α-Syn oligomer toxicityR35GM142869 · TEXAS A&M AGRILIFE RESEARCH · 2025 to 2025
$283k
NIGMS NIH HHS R35GM142869
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

The deposition of cytotoxic human islet amyloid polypeptide (IAPP) aggregates is a hallmark feature of Type 2 Diabetes. However, the structural evolution and cytotoxicity of IAPP aggregate species remain poorly understood. This study combines kinetics, biophysical and cell assays to resolve the morphological dynamics of IAPP aggregation. Using atomic force microscopy (AFM) and atomic force microscopy Infrared (AFM-IR) spectroscopy, we observed two distinctly different types of oligomers, donut-like (DO) and round oligomers (RO), formed at the early stages of protein aggregation. DO were dominated by parallel β-sheet secondary structure. Their evanescence is linked to the formation of IAPP fibrils, which also had parallel β-sheet secondary structure. In contrast, RO had primarily disordered secondary structure and persisted throughout the course of fibril formation. This structural and kinetic analyses showed that RO were "off-path", while DO were "on-path" protein aggregates. Cell toxicity assays indicated that structural evolution of IAPP amyloids as well as persistent "off-path" oligomeric species both contribute to high cytotoxicity in pancreatic β cells. These results revealed a complex mechanism of IAPP aggregation which is highly important in the context of the prevention of pathological protein aggregation.

Indexed as

Islet Amyloid PolypeptideHumansKineticsMicroscopy, Atomic ForceProtein AggregatesProtein Conformation, beta-StrandProtein MultimerizationProtein Structure, SecondaryIslet Amyloid PolypeptideProtein AggregatesAFM‐IRfibrilsIAPPoligomerstype 2 diabetes

Identifiers

PMID41772826
PMCPMC12953715

What Socratic holds

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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the Socratic graph.