ArticleJournal of asthma and allergy2026
Significant Production of Serum and Mucosal Anti-Spike-IgA Antibodies After Vaccine-Encoded or SARS-CoV-2-Infection-Induced Spike-Exposures in Patients with Asthma Treated with Monoclonal Antibodies Compared to Conventional Therapy.
Article in Journal of asthma and allergy, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 1 paper.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
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Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
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Who cites it
1 citing paper in PubMed.
- Anti-SARS-CoV-2 response in alveolar blood sample and bronchoalveolar lavage fluid of individuals vaccinated with inactivated COVID-19 vaccines.Human vaccines & immunotherapeutics · 2026Article
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Authors and funding
8 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Introduction: It has been proposed that patients with asthma on monoclonal antibodies (mAb) targeting Interleukin-5 (IL-5), IL-4/IL-13 pathways or IgE may demonstrate insufficient defense against viral infections requiring strong T-helper-cell-type-1-(Th1) for neutralizing antibody production and cytotoxic CD8+ T-cell responses for efficient clearance of the viral pathogens. It is a matter of debate whether those mAb may impair the immune response against SARS-CoV-2-spike-protein by interacting with cytokines critical for B-cell differentiation and antibody maturation. This controlled cross-sectional cohort study aimed to characterize the mucosal and serum humoral immune response as well as the cellular reactivity against spike-protein in asthma patients on mAb or on conventional treatment (conv). Materials and Methods: Nasal and serum anti-spike-IgG and -IgA concentrations, avidity, neutralizing IgG and cytokine profiles were assessed using serological and neutralization assays and bead-based cytokine detection in nine patients on mAb matched to nine patients on conv who had received COVID-19-mRNA-vaccination. Proportions of spike-induced subpopulations of T- and B-cells were investigated by flow cytometry. Results: Blockade of IL-5 and IL-5 receptor showed higher serum and nasal concentrations of anti-spike-IgA against recombinant-binding-domain-(RBD) and spike-protein-1-(S1) and similar concentrations of anti-spike-IgG compared to mAb or conv therapy. A spike-specific CD8+ T-cell-driven immune response with increased cytotoxic markers was seen in anti-IL-5 treatments. Baseline Th1 responses correlated with IFNγ- and TNFα-production in supernatants of spike-protein-stimulated cultures in all patients. Conclusion: The findings indicate a significant specific adaptive immune response to SARS-CoV-2-spike-protein exposures by Th1- and Th2-driven responses with a significant response by serum and mucosal anti-S1 and anti-RBD-IgA in anti-IL-5-treated patients compared to IL-4/IL-13-targeting, anti-IgE or conventional therapies. Thus, based on the results it may be expected that immunogenicity of COVID-19-mRNA-vaccines or infection-induced spike-exposures is equivalent between asthma patients on monoclonal antibodies compared to those treated with conventional therapy.
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