Evidence mapPaperPMID 41775442Full record

ReviewInvestigative and clinical urology2026

Mechanisms and clinical implications of bacterial persistence in recurrent urinary tract infections.

Changil Choi, Dong Soo Kim, Jin Bong Choi, Taesoo Choi, Jeong Woo Lee

Abstract readReview
In one paragraph

Review in Investigative and clinical urology, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 2 papers.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
2citing papers in PubMed
field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

2 citing papers in PubMed.

  1. Article
  2. Review
4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

5 authors.

Changil ChoiDepartment of Urology, Hallym University Dongtan Sacred Heart Hospital, Hallym University College of Medicine, Hwaseong, Korea.ORCID 0000-0001-6488-1933
Dong Soo KimDepartment of Urology, Kyung Hee University Hospital, Kyung Hee University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea.ORCID 0000-0002-5696-0671
Jin Bong ChoiDepartment of Urology, Bucheon St. Mary's Hospital, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Korea.ORCID 0000-0003-2508-6819
Taesoo ChoiDepartment of Urology, Kyung Hee University Hospital at Gangdong, Kyung Hee University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea.ORCID 0000-0002-2800-5773
Jeong Woo LeeDepartment of Urology, Kyung Hee University Hospital, Kyung Hee University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea. jwleemed@hanmail.net.ORCID 0000-0002-4508-8240

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

Recurrent urinary tract infections (rUTIs) represent a significant clinical challenge, particularly among women and catheterized patients, leading to diminished quality of life and increased healthcare utilization. A central factor in rUTI pathogenesis is bacterial persistence despite seemingly appropriate antibiotic therapy. Unlike classical antibiotic resistance, persistence involves phenotypic adaptations that allow uropathogens to evade both host immune responses and antimicrobial agents. This review examines the multifactorial mechanisms underlying bacterial persistence, including intracellular survival strategies, biofilm formation, antibiotic tolerance, and host immune evasion. An improved understanding of these processes is essential for developing novel, targeted therapeutic strategies that go beyond traditional antimicrobial approaches and address the root causes of recurrence.

Indexed as

Urinary Tract InfectionsAnti-Bacterial AgentsBiofilmsDrug Resistance, BacterialHumansImmune EvasionRecurrenceAnti-Bacterial AgentsAntibiotic resistanceBiofilmsUrinary tract infections

Identifiers

PMID41775442
PMCPMC12956764

What Socratic holds

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Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the Socratic graph.