ArticleBMJ open2026
Determinants of barriers to accessing healthcare services among married women in Somalia: a multilevel analysis of nationwide survey data.
Article in BMJ open, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 1 paper.
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Who cites it
1 citing paper in PubMed.
- Can Universal Health Coverage Be Achieved Through an Unregulated Private Health System? Somalia's Policy Paradox.Public health challenges · 2026Article
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4 authors.
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Abstract
objectivesTo identify the individual and community-level factors associated with barriers to accessing healthcare services among currently married women in Somalia.
designA cross-sectional analysis using data from the 2020 Somalia Demographic and Health Survey.
settingSomalia.
participantsA nationally representative sample of 30 311 currently married women aged 15-49 years with complete data on outcome and explanatory variables. PRIMARY OUTCOME MEASURES: The primary outcome was 'reporting at least one barrier to accessing healthcare', a composite binary variable based on four specific problems: obtaining permission to go for treatment, getting money for treatment, distance to the health facility and not wanting to go alone.
resultsA substantial majority (77.06%) of married women reported experiencing at least one barrier to accessing healthcare. Financial cost was the most common barrier (69.91%), followed by distance to health facilities (65.95%), reluctance to go alone (49.64%) and the requirement for permission (46.03%). Multilevel analysis confirmed that higher household wealth was strongly protective (richest vs poorest: adjusted OR (aOR)=0.27, 95% CI 0.24 to 0.32). Paradoxically, factors typically considered protective were associated with increased barriers: women with secondary education (aOR=1.19, 95% CI 1.00 to 1.41) and those with educated husbands (aOR=1.23, 95% CI 1.14 to 1.33) reported more obstacles. Similarly, urban residents faced higher odds of barriers than their nomadic counterparts (aOR=1.40, 95% CI 1.27 to 1.55). Significant regional disparities were evident, with community-level context explaining 26.30% of the total variance in reporting barriers.
conclusionAccess to healthcare for married women in Somalia is predominantly hindered by economic, educational and community-level constraints. Targeted interventions addressing socioeconomic disparities, infrastructural deficits and specific community contexts are essential to alleviate these barriers.
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