Evidence mapPaperPMID 41777267Full record

ReviewCureus2026

Beyond Glucose Control: A Comprehensive Review of Sodium-Glucose Cotransporter 2 (SGLT2) Inhibitors in Heart Failure, Chronic Kidney Disease, and Nonalcoholic Fatty Liver Disease.

Alexander R Sosa, Michael C Sosa

Abstract readReview
In one paragraph

Review in Cureus, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
0citing papers in PubMed
field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

0 citing papers in PubMed.

No citing paper in PubMed yet.

4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

2 authors.

Alexander R SosaBurnett School of Biomedical Sciences, University of Central Florida, Orlando, USA.
Michael C SosaCollege of Arts and Sciences, University of South Florida, Tampa, USA.

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

Sodium-glucose cotransporter 2 (SGLT2) inhibitors were first introduced to enhance glycemic control in type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). However, a series of large-scale cardiovascular and renal outcomes trials have revealed their substantial benefits in reducing heart failure (HF) hospitalizations, slowing chronic kidney disease (CKD) progression, and improving cardiorenal outcomes, even among non-diabetic populations. Early studies further suggest potential benefits in non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD). In this comprehensive review, we synthesize the mechanistic basis, landmark trials, real-world evidence, and emerging guidelines that position SGLT2 inhibitors as cornerstone therapies in the management of HF and CKD, with growing research in NAFLD. By highlighting key clinical outcomes, safety profiles, and cost-effectiveness considerations, we underscore how SGLT2 inhibitors transcend their original role in glucose regulation to provide multifaceted protection across the cardiorenal-metabolic spectrum.

Indexed as

cardiorenal protectioncardiovascular outcomeschronic kidney diseasediabetic nephropathyheart failurehfpefnafldprecision medicinesglt2 inhibitorstype 2 diabetes

Identifiers

PMID41777267
PMCPMC12952939

What Socratic holds

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LicenceCC BY
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Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the Socratic graph.