ArticleFrontiers in oncology2026
Diagnosis and management of rare acute erythroid leukemia with hemophagocytic lymphohistiocytosis: a case report.
Article in Frontiers in oncology, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.
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Abstract
Introduction: Acute erythroid leukemia (AEL) complicated by hemophagocytic lymphohistiocytosis (HLH) is an exceedingly rare hematologic malignancy. Its diagnosis relies on a comprehensive assessment that includes bone marrow cytomorphology, immunophenotyping, cytogenetics, molecular profiling, and serum ferritin levels. Its management poses substantial clinical challenges, and the prognosis is generally guarded. Main symptoms and/or important clinical findings: The patient was admitted due to persistent fatigue for 20 days and recurrent fever. A complete blood count showed pancytopenia: white blood cells (2.99 ×10 The main diagnoses therapeutic interventions and outcomes: Comprehensive bone marrow evaluation confirmed a diagnosis of AEL complicated by secondary HLH. Initial therapy with a decitabine-CAG (aclacinomycin, cytarabine, G-CSF)-venetoclax regimen failed to induce remission. Morphological complete remission was achieved after switching to a DAE (daunorubicin, cytarabine, etoposide) regimen. Despite plans for allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation, the patient succumbed within 3 months of diagnosis. Conclusion: This case highlights the diagnostic and therapeutic complexities associated with the co-occurrence of AEL and HLH. Early identification of HLH as a potential complication in AEL is crucial, though outcomes remain dismal, emphasizing an urgent need for novel therapeutic strategies.
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