Evidence map›Paper›PMID 41777688›Full record

ArticlePeerJ2026

Association of VitD 3 deficiency with thyroid nodules suspected of malignancy in petroleum workers: a retrospective cohort study.

Deping Wang, Dongdong Luo, Song Leng, Bingrui Gao, Chenxi Zhang, Zhaoying Chen, Bojuan Li, Jialin Hu, Zhongyan Shan, Weiping Teng and 1 more

Abstract read
PubMed Full text at PMC Publisher
In one paragraph

Article in PeerJ, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 1 paper.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
1citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

1 citing paper in PubMed.

  1. Review
4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

11 authors.

Deping Wang *Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Hongqi Hospital Affiliated to Mudanjiang Medical University, Mudanjiang, Heilongjiang, China.
Dongdong Luo *Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, The Institute of Endocrinology, NHC Key Laboratory of Diagnosis and Treatment of Thyroid Disease, The First Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning, China.
Song LengHealth Management Center, The Second Hospital of Dalian Medical University, Dalian, China.
Bingrui GaoDepartment of Endocrinology and Metabolism, The Institute of Endocrinology, NHC Key Laboratory of Diagnosis and Treatment of Thyroid Disease, The First Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning, China.
Chenxi ZhangDepartment of Endocrinology and Metabolism, The Institute of Endocrinology, NHC Key Laboratory of Diagnosis and Treatment of Thyroid Disease, The First Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning, China.
Zhaoying ChenDepartment of Endocrinology and Metabolism, The Institute of Endocrinology, NHC Key Laboratory of Diagnosis and Treatment of Thyroid Disease, The First Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning, China.
Bojuan LiDepartment of Endocrinology and Metabolism, The Institute of Endocrinology, NHC Key Laboratory of Diagnosis and Treatment of Thyroid Disease, The First Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning, China.
Jialin HuLiaoning University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shenyang, Liaoning, China.
Zhongyan ShanDepartment of Endocrinology and Metabolism, The Institute of Endocrinology, NHC Key Laboratory of Diagnosis and Treatment of Thyroid Disease, The First Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning, China.
Weiping TengDepartment of Endocrinology and Metabolism, The Institute of Endocrinology, NHC Key Laboratory of Diagnosis and Treatment of Thyroid Disease, The First Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning, China.
Jing LiDepartment of Endocrinology and Metabolism, The Institute of Endocrinology, NHC Key Laboratory of Diagnosis and Treatment of Thyroid Disease, The First Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning, China.

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

Background: Thyroid nodules (TNs) are common thyroid disorders. Vitamin D (VitD) is linked to thyroid disease risk, but prior studies mainly focused on total serum VitD and TN risk, ignoring different impacts of VitD3 and VitD2 metabolites on TN development. Methods: Between July and December 2021, we conducted a retrospective cohort study in Dalian, China, involving 2,037 euthyroid male petroleum workers (aged 30-60 years) without thyroid autoimmunity (TAI). Serum 25-hydroxy vitamin D [25(OH)VD], 25(OH)VD3 and 25(OH)VD2 levels were assayed by liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS). The participants were classified into different groups according to their ultrasound images of TNs based on Chinese-Thyroid Imaging Reporting and Data System (C-TIRADS). C-TIRADS consist of 6 grades, and the upper three indicate TNs with potential malignancy. Results: Analysis of the cohort revealed the prevalence of TNs and VitD levels in this population. No C-TIRADS 5 or 6 nodules were identified. Serum 25(OH)VD levels in the C-TIRADS 4 TN group were significantly lower than those in the C-TIRADS 1, 2, and 3 groups. The overall prevalence of TNs was similar among the VitD-deficient, insufficient, and sufficient groups. However, the prevalence of patients with C-TIRADS 4 TNs was markedly higher in the VitD-deficient group (18.5%) than in the insufficient (5.5%, Conclusions: VitD3 deficiency, but not VitD2 deficiency, was independently associated with TNs with suspicious malignancy in euthyroid male petroleum workers aged 30-60 years.

Indexed as

PetroleumThyroid NeoplasmsThyroid NoduleVitamin D DeficiencyAdultChinaHumansMaleMiddle AgedRetrospective StudiesVitamin D25-hydroxyvitamin DPetroleumVitamin D25(OH)VD25(OH)VD225(OH)VD3C-TRIADSThyroid nodulesUltrasound

Identifiers

PMID41777688
PMCPMC12951886

What Socratic holds

Textmetadata
LicenceCC BY
Read underepoch 390

Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the Socratic graph.