Evidence mapPaperPMID 41778186Full record

ArticleEcancermedicalscience2025

Translation, adaptation and validation of the AWACAN tool for breast and cervical cancer awareness among Arabic-speaking women: a study from Libya.

Abeir El-Mogassabi, Heithum Saleh Baiu, Nadin Omer Hassan, Enas Mohamed Salem, Lugien Elshakmak, Khalil A K Tamoos, Mohammed Zidan, Asma Rajab Ben Rashid, Ala Elhoudiri, Sama Elmehdawi and 1 more

Abstract read
In one paragraph

Article in Ecancermedicalscience, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
0citing papers in PubMed
field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

0 citing papers in PubMed.

No citing paper in PubMed yet.

4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

11 authors.

Abeir El-MogassabiFaculty of Public Health, University of Benghazi, Hawari Road, Benghazi 33FX+F8G, Libya.
Heithum Saleh BaiuFaculty of Public Health, University of Benghazi, Hawari Road, Benghazi 33FX+F8G, Libya.
Nadin Omer HassanBasic Medical Sciences Program, School of Health and Medical Sciences, Libyan International University, AlQayrawan Street, Beloun, Benghazi 339P+62Q, Libya.
Enas Mohamed SalemBasic Medical Sciences Program, School of Health and Medical Sciences, Libyan International University, AlQayrawan Street, Beloun, Benghazi 339P+62Q, Libya.
Lugien ElshakmakBasic Medical Sciences Program, School of Health and Medical Sciences, Libyan International University, AlQayrawan Street, Beloun, Benghazi 339P+62Q, Libya.
Khalil A K TamoosBasic Medical Sciences Program, School of Health and Medical Sciences, Libyan International University, AlQayrawan Street, Beloun, Benghazi 339P+62Q, Libya.
Mohammed ZidanBasic Medical Sciences Program, School of Health and Medical Sciences, Libyan International University, AlQayrawan Street, Beloun, Benghazi 339P+62Q, Libya.
Asma Rajab Ben RashidBasic Medical Sciences Program, School of Health and Medical Sciences, Libyan International University, AlQayrawan Street, Beloun, Benghazi 339P+62Q, Libya.
Ala ElhoudiriBasic Medical Sciences Program, School of Health and Medical Sciences, Libyan International University, AlQayrawan Street, Beloun, Benghazi 339P+62Q, Libya.
Sama ElmehdawiMedicine and Surgery Program, School of Health and Medical Sciences, Libyan International University, AlQayrawan Street, Beloun, Benghazi 339P+62Q, Libya.
Dania ShareiaMedicine and Surgery Program, School of Health and Medical Sciences, Libyan International University, AlQayrawan Street, Beloun, Benghazi 339P+62Q, Libya.

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

Breast cancer (BC) and cervical cancer (CC) pose significant health challenges in the Arab world, exacerbated by limited awareness and restricted access to healthcare services, resulting in poor outcomes and late diagnoses. This study aimed to translate and culturally adapt the African women's awareness cancer (AWACAN) tool for Arabic-speaking women and pilot test it to evaluate its reliability and validity in assessing BC and CC awareness among Arabic-speaking women. Originally developed for Sub-Saharan African populations, the AWACAN tool underwent a systematic translation and adaptation process involving forward and backward translations by bilingual experts. A panel of specialists ensured cultural sensitivity and content validity. The final tool was administered online to a pilot sample of Arabic-speaking women, recruited voluntarily through non-probability sampling on social media. Reliability was evaluated using internal consistency and test-retest reliability, while construct validity was assessed by comparing knowledge scores between medical experts and community participants. The adapted tool comprised of 116 questions covering socio-demographic characteristics, the awareness of BC and CC symptoms, risk factor awareness, help-seeking behaviours, barriers to care and interest in receiving information. The adapted AWACAN tool demonstrated good internal consistency in the 'Known Risk Factors' and 'Symptoms' domains for both BC and CC Kuder-Richardson Formula 20 ranging from 0.682 to 0.871 and strong test-retest reliability (Cohen's kappa values indicating moderate to almost perfect agreement). Construct validity was supported by significantly higher knowledge scores among medical experts. However, the 'Risk Lay Beliefs' domains exhibited moderate to lower reliability. In conclusion, the adapted Arabic version of the AWACAN tool is a reliable and valid instrument for measuring BC and CC awareness among Arabic-speaking women. It can help identify knowledge gaps and inform targeted interventions to improve cancer awareness and early detection efforts in this population.

Indexed as

arab worldbreast cancercervical cancercultural competencyearly detection of cancerhelp-seeking behaviour

Identifiers

PMID41778186
PMCPMC12950895

What Socratic holds

Textmetadata
LicenceCC BY
Read underepoch 390

Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the Socratic graph.