Observational studyCoDAS2026
The effects of smoking on the dynamic vocal range of male smokers.
Observational study in CoDAS, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
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Authors and funding
4 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
purposeTo investigate the effects of tobacco use, smoking duration, and number of cigarettes/day on the vocal dynamic field of male smokers.
methodsA cross-sectional, comparative observational study was conducted with 62 men aged 18 to 59 years: 31 smokers (SG) and 31 non-smokers (NSG). Vocal dynamic field measurements were obtained using phonetography, which assesses frequency (minimum, maximum, and vocal range) and intensity (minimum, maximum, and maximum dynamic range). Comparisons between groups were made using the Student's t-test, and correlations with smoking duration and number of cigarettes/day were analyzed using Pearson's correlation test (5% significance level).
resultsCompared to the NSG, the SG showed significantly lower values (p < 0.05) for maximum frequency, vocal range, and maximum dynamic range, and higher values for minimum intensity. Increased smoking duration was associated with reductions in minimum and maximum frequencies, vocal range, and maximum intensity. Additionally, a higher number of cigarettes/day was correlated with lower minimum frequency.
conclusionThe dynamic field of male smokers, compared to non-smokers, showed a reduction in the values of maximum frequency, vocal range and maximum dynamic range and an increase in minimum intensity. The longer the time of tobacco use, the lower the minimum and maximum frequencies, vocal range and maximum intensity. The greater the number of cigarettes/day, the lower the value of minimum frequency. Phonetography is an effective resource in voice assessments.
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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the Socratic graph.