ReviewComprehensive Physiology2026
A Review of Vagus Nerve Stimulation for Disease: Comprehensive Theory and Evidence for Mechanisms of Action.
Review in Comprehensive Physiology, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 4 papers.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
4 citing papers in PubMed.
- Artificial Intelligence Techniques in Cardiac Neuromodulation: Mechanisms, Applications, and Pathways to Clinical Translation.Journal of arrhythmia · 2026Review
- Bridging the gap from mechanism to clinic: a translational perspective on taVNS for gastrointestinal disorders.Frontiers in neuroscience · 2026Review
- The vagus nerve as a neurovisceral interface: a comprehensive review.Frontiers in neuroscience · 2026Review
- Monitoring and modulating interconnected physiological systems in space using portable closed-loop technologies.Frontiers in network physiology · 2026Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
12 authors.
Funding
Abstract
Vagus nerve stimulation (VNS) is an established neuromodulatory therapy approved for epilepsy, depression, obesity, stroke rehabilitation, rheumatoid arthritis, migraine, and cluster headaches. Its therapeutic potential has expanded dramatically, with growing evidence supporting its efficacy across a wide spectrum of neurological, psychiatric, cardiovascular, immunological, metabolic, and gastrointestinal disorders. Despite this progress, the field has lacked a comprehensive synthesis that unifies mechanistic insights with translational applications across organ systems. This review addresses that gap by systematically integrating current knowledge in the multifactorial mechanisms through which VNS modulates central and peripheral functions, including neuromodulator release, synaptic plasticity, autonomic regulation, neuroimmune control, and endocrine integration. In addition, this review identifies key limitations of VNS, including biological heterogeneity, technical constraints, and methodological variability, and proposes future innovations such as selective fiber targeting, closed-loop systems, and artificial intelligence-guided personalization. By providing a rigorous, system-level overview of VNS mechanisms and their translational relevance, this article serves as a foundational resource for advancing the science and clinical deployment and helping illustrate future directions for precision neuromodulation and bioelectronic medicine.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What Socratic holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the Socratic graph.