Evidence mapPaperPMID 41781273Full record

ArticleThorax2026

Acetazolamide to prevent ventilatory drive withdrawal in REM sleep apnoea: a randomised controlled trial.

Ludovico Messineo, Molly Kim, Ali Azarbarzin, Daniel Vena, Madison Preuss, Neda Esmaeili, Atqiya Aishah, Natalie V Lawrence, Dillon C Gilbertson, David P White and 2 more

Registry-linked trialAbstract read
In one paragraph

Article in Thorax, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. It is linked to trial NCT05589792 (The Effect of Acetazolamide on the Severity of REM Obstructive Sleep Apnea), which is not on this map. Not yet cited in PubMed.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
0citing papers in PubMed
field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

NCT05589792 phase1 / phase2completednot on this map

The Effect of Acetazolamide on the Severity of REM Obstructive Sleep Apnea

TypeinterventionalSponsorBrigham and Women's HospitalRan2023 to 2025Enrolled11ConditionsObstructive Sleep ApneaArmsPlacebo oral capsule, Acetazolamide
3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

0 citing papers in PubMed.

No citing paper in PubMed yet.

4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

12 authors.

Ludovico MessineoDivision of Sleep and Circadian Disorders, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA ludovico.messineo@yahoo.it.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0002-4142-9124
Molly KimDivision of Sleep and Circadian Disorders, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA.
Ali AzarbarzinDivision of Sleep and Circadian Disorders, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0002-4986-4753
Daniel VenaDivision of Sleep and Circadian Disorders, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA.
Madison PreussDivision of Sleep and Circadian Disorders, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA.
Neda EsmaeiliDivision of Sleep and Circadian Disorders, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA.ORCID http://orcid.org/0009-0008-4956-1497
Atqiya AishahDivision of Sleep and Circadian Disorders, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0001-9383-1724
Natalie V LawrenceDivision of Sleep and Circadian Disorders, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA.
Dillon C GilbertsonDivision of Sleep and Circadian Disorders, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA.
David P WhiteDivision of Sleep and Circadian Disorders, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA.
Andrew WellmanDivision of Sleep and Circadian Disorders, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA.
Scott A SandsDivision of Sleep and Circadian Disorders, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0003-3752-0328

Funding

Role of ventilatory drive in obstructive sleep apnea: An avenue for precision interventionR01HL168067 · NHLBI · BRIGHAM AND WOMEN'S HOSPITAL · PI Scott A Sands · 2023 to 2026
$3.5M
NHLBI NIH HHS R01 HL168067
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

backgroundObstructive sleep apnoea (OSA) pathogenesis during rapid-eye movement (REM) sleep has been linked to dips in ventilatory drive and downstream genioglossus hypotonia. The carbonic anhydrase inhibitor acetazolamide is known to increase ventilatory drive and improve OSA severity. Therefore, we tested the effect of acetazolamide on REM-predominant OSA severity (apnoea hypopnoea index (AHI) and hypoxic burden, co-primary outcomes) and underlying physiological mechanisms (ventilatory drive, ventilation and pharyngeal muscle activity).

methods11 participants with REM-predominant OSA per baseline polysomnography (REM AHI/non-REM AHI≥2) were allocated to receiving acetazolamide 500 mg for three nights (first night at half dose) or placebo according to a randomised, crossover, double-blind design. Detailed physiological polysomnography with recording of diaphragm and genioglossus electromyography was conducted after each intervention, with a 1-week washout in between.

resultsAs hypothesised, acetazolamide reduced AHI by 35.5% (95% CI 23.1% to 46.3%) and hypoxic burden by 35.9% (95% CI 21.1% to 48.4%) vs placebo (p<0.001), meeting the primary endpoint. Mechanistic analysis in REM revealed that, unexpectedly, acetazolamide did not mitigate dips in ventilatory drive versus placebo (first decile (+0.1 (-1.0 to 1.3) L/min, p=0.8). Rather, acetazolamide reduced collapsibility (increased ventilation at eupneic drive: +1.4 (1.2 to 1.8) L/min) and raised muscle responsiveness (ventilation vs drive slope: +32 (25 to 41) %

conclusionsAcetazolamide modestly improved REM OSA, with meaningful improvements in upper airway physiology, but failed to mitigate the dips in ventilatory drive responsible for REM OSA. TRIAL REGISTRATION NUMBER: NCT05589792.

Indexed as

Sleep apnoea

Identifiers

PMID41781273
PMCPMC13088981

What Socratic holds

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Registered trials

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the Socratic graph.