Evidence map›Paper›PMID 41781806›Full record

ReviewJournal of gastrointestinal cancer2026

Physical Activity and Hepatocellular Carcinoma Outcomes: a Narrative Review of Pre-clinical, Observational, and Interventional Evidence.

Nadia Kim, Lisa Alcock, Silvia Del Din, Helen L Reeves, Samuel T Orange

Abstract readReview
In one paragraph

Review in Journal of gastrointestinal cancer, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
0citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

0 citing papers in PubMed.

No citing paper in PubMed yet.

4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

5 authors.

Nadia KimNational Institute for Health and Care Research (NIHR) Newcastle Biomedical Research Centre (BRC), Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, UK.
Lisa AlcockNational Institute for Health and Care Research (NIHR) Newcastle Biomedical Research Centre (BRC), Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, UK.
Silvia Del DinNational Institute for Health and Care Research (NIHR) Newcastle Biomedical Research Centre (BRC), Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, UK.
Helen L ReevesNational Institute for Health and Care Research (NIHR) Newcastle Biomedical Research Centre (BRC), Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, UK.
Samuel T OrangeNational Institute for Health and Care Research (NIHR) Newcastle Biomedical Research Centre (BRC), Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, UK. sam.orange@newcastle.ac.uk.

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

purposeHepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is a leading cause of cancer-related mortality worldwide, with incidence and mortality projected to rise. Most patients present with advanced or unresectable disease, where treatment efficacy is often constrained by frailty and impaired physical function. As physical function has emerged as a key determinant of treatment eligibility and survival, there is growing interest in physical activity as a supportive intervention in HCC care. This narrative review synthesises observational, pre-clinical, and trial evidence on the role of physical activity in patients with HCC, examining its potential to improve treatment tolerance, quality of life, and survival.

methodsA literature search was conducted across four databases (PubMed, Scopus, Web of Science, Embase) using keywords related to HCC, physical activity, exercise, and survivorship.

resultsPre-clinical studies reveal multiple mechanisms through which physical activity may enhance anti-tumour responses, including metabolic reprogramming, modulation of oncogenic signalling and immune activation. Observational studies suggest that frailty and sarcopenia - markers of reduced physical function, are possibly associated with early treatment discontinuation and shorter survival in HCC. Preliminary interventional data suggest that structured exercise programmes, delivered in hospital, outpatient, telehealth, or mobile formats, can improve frailty, preserve muscle mass, and may potentially support survival. However, clinical studies to date are limited by small sample sizes, non-randomised designs, and short follow-up periods.

conclusionCurrent evidence provides a biologically plausible and clinically promising rationale for integrating physical activity into HCC care pathways. While findings are encouraging, robust randomised trials are needed to establish efficacy, define optimal exercise regimens, and evaluate long-term outcomes.

Indexed as

Carcinoma, HepatocellularExerciseExercise TherapyLiver NeoplasmsAnimalsFrailtyHumansObservational Studies as TopicQuality of LifeSarcopeniaTreatment OutcomeExerciseFrailtyHepatocellular carcinomaPhysical activitySarcopenia

Identifiers

PMID41781806
PMCPMC12960373

What Socratic holds

Textmetadata
LicenceCC BY
Read underepoch 390

Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the Socratic graph.