Evidence mapPaperPMID 41782102Full record

ArticleBMC cardiovascular disorders2026

The interactive effect of long nighttime sleep and daytime napping on QTc prolongation in hypertensive adults.

Zahra Mohammadi, Sina Bazmi, Mohammad Ahmadi, Sina Kardeh, Reza Tabrizi

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Article in BMC cardiovascular disorders, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.

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5 · Who and what money

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5 authors.

Zahra MohammadiUSERN Office, Fasa University of Medical Sciences, Fasa, Iran.ORCID http://orcid.org/0009-0006-8075-0427
Sina BazmiUSERN Office, Fasa University of Medical Sciences, Fasa, Iran.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0002-2128-0924
Mohammad AhmadiMedical School, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
Sina KardehDepartment of Medicine, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada.
Reza TabriziNoncommunicable Diseases Research Center, Fasa University of Medical Sciences, Fasa, Iran. kmsrc89@gmail.com.

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

backgroundProlongation of the corrected QT interval (QTc) reflects delayed ventricular repolarization and predisposes patients to malignant arrhythmias and sudden cardiac death. Hypertension is strongly associated with QTc abnormalities, yet the influence of habitual sleep patterns remains underexplored.

methodsWe conducted a cross-sectional analysis of 1,338 hypertensive participants from the Fasa Adult Cohort Study. Sleep parameters were assessed using the Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index, and 12-lead electrocardiograms were obtained under standardized conditions. QTc was calculated using Bazett’s formula, with prolongation defined as > 450 ms in men and > 460 ms in women based on the latest AHA/ACCF/HRS recommendations. Logistic regression models, adjusted for demographic, clinical, and medication-related confounders, evaluated associations and interactions between sleep behaviors and QTc prolongation.

resultsQTc prolongation was observed in 20.5% of participants. While prolonged nighttime sleep (≥ 9 h) and daytime napping alone were not independently associated with QTc prolongation, their combination significantly increased the risk (OR = 3.54; 95% CI: 1.29–9.71; p = 0.014). Interaction analysis confirmed a statistical interaction between prolonged night sleep and regular napping (OR = 4.36; 95% CI: 1.43–13.27; p = 0.009), independent of antihypertensive medication use. Conversely, short nighttime sleep (≤ 6 h) accompanied by daytime napping showed no statistically significant association with QTc prolongation; with point estimate suggesting lower odds.

conclusionsExcessive total sleep duration, distributed across both night and day, is strongly associated with QTc prolongation in hypertensive adults. This combined sleep phenotype may represent a novel behavioral risk factor for impaired cardiac repolarization, highlighting the importance of incorporating sleep assessment into cardiovascular risk stratification. Moreover, hypertensive individuals with long nighttime sleep may mitigate their risk of QTc prolongation by reducing additional daytime naps, potentially lowering the likelihood of arrhythmic events. These findings identify a sleep phenotype associated with QTc prolongation and highlight the need for longitudinal studies to clarify causality.

Indexed as

Blood PressureCircadian RhythmHeart Conduction SystemHeart RateHypertensionLong QT SyndromeSleepAdultCross-Sectional StudiesElectrocardiographyFemaleHumansMaleMiddle AgedOdds RatioRisk AssessmentCorrected QT prolongationHypertensionMidday nappingQTcQT intervalSleepSleep duration

Identifiers

PMID41782102
PMCPMC13067501

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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the Socratic graph.