ReviewHuman vaccines & immunotherapeutics2026
Antigen anisotropy: The overlooked geometric determinant of vaccine immunogenicity and fidelity.
Review in Human vaccines & immunotherapeutics, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
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Abstract
Antigen anisotropy, the directional dependence of protein conformation, epitope exposure, and conformational dynamics, is an under-appreciated determinant of vaccine immunogenicity. Preserving this geometric fidelity may influence outcomes such as neutralization breadth, affinity maturation, and B/T-cell response quality. Native antigens engage B-cell receptors, T-cell receptors, and MHC through oriented interactions that rely on spatial and dynamic constraints for effective immune recognition. This framework is increasingly relevant amid widespread use of nucleoside-modified mRNA vaccines, as recent studies suggest platform-specific deviations in antigen geometry and processing. Platform interventions including chemical inactivation (e.g., formaldehyde and β-propiolactone), formulation and storage conditions, and mRNA design choices (e.g., N
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