Evidence map›Paper›PMID 41782988›Full record

SynthesisJNMA; journal of the Nepal Medical Association2025

Synergistic Effects of Combined Diet and Exercise on Body Composition in Adults: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.

Irka Dwi Fatmawati, Rahayu Sutrisno, Fajar Ari Nugroho, Mahenderan Appukutty, Yit Siew Chin, Nia Novita Wirawan

Abstract readSystematic ReviewMeta-Analysis
In one paragraph

Synthesis in JNMA; journal of the Nepal Medical Association, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 1 paper.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
1citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

1 citing paper in PubMed.

  1. Article
4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

6 authors.

Irka Dwi FatmawatiMaster of Nutrition Science Study Program, Faculty of Health Science, Universitas Brawijaya, Malang, East Java, Indonesia.
Rahayu SutrisnoMaster of Nutrition Science Study Program, Faculty of Health Science, Universitas Brawijaya, Malang, East Java, Indonesia.
Fajar Ari NugrohoDepartment of Nutrition. Faculty of Health Science, Universitas Brawijaya, Malang, East Java, Indonesia.
Mahenderan AppukuttySports Science Programme Faculty of Sports Science & Recreation, Universiti Teknologi MARA, Shah Alam, Selangor, Malaysia.
Yit Siew ChinDepartment of Nutrition, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia.
Nia Novita WirawanDepartment of Nutrition. Faculty of Health Science, Universitas Brawijaya, Malang, East Java, Indonesia.

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

Introduction: Obesity and poor body composition are major contributors to chronic disease risk inadults. This review aimed to compare the effectiveness of exercise-only, diet-only, and combined interventions in improving body composition outcomes. Methods: A systematic review and meta-analysis were conducted based on Judies published between 2016 and 2024 from Scopus, Web of Science, and ScienceDirect. Forty-six Judies involving 3,429 adults across five continents met inclusion criteria. Quality appraisal followed PRISMA and MMAT guidelines. A meta-analysis using RevMan 5.4 included six eligible Judies. Results: Combined interventions resulted in the most consistent improvements in body mass index (BMI) (SMD, -1.74; 95 % CI: -3.07 to -0.40; P = .01 ), body fat percentage (%BF) (SMD, -2.40; 95 % CI: -2.91 to -1.88; P < .00001), and total body water (TBW) (SMD, 1.54; 95 % CI: 1.04 to 2.04; P < .00001). Exercise-only and diet-only approaches also improved BMI and fat mass but had limited effects on muscle mass and TBW. Conclusions: Integrated interventions combining physical activity and dietary changes are more effective than single-modality strategies. Programs of at least 12 weeks with supervision and cultural adaptation are recommended for optimal improvements in adult body composition. Systematic Review Registration: This Systematic review is registered at PROSPERO (Reference number: CRD420251020596).

Indexed as

Body CompositionDietExerciseObesityAdultBody Mass IndexHumansadultbody compositiondiet therapyexercise therapylifestyle intervention

Identifiers

PMID41782988
PMCPMC12906740

What Socratic holds

Textmetadata
LicenceCC BY
Read underepoch 390

Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the Socratic graph.