ArticleEuropean geriatric medicine2026
Associations of postoperative delirium with perioperative frailty worsening and their combined effect on 1-year mortality in older surgical patients: a prospective cohort study.
Article in European geriatric medicine, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 2 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
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Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
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Who cites it
2 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it.
- Association between the geriatric nutritional risk index and postoperative delirium: a meta-analysis.Frontiers in psychiatry · 2026Pooled it
- Orthogeriatric Fracture Syndrome: A Large-Scale Bibliometric Analysis of a Proposed Concept for Cross-Disciplinary Awareness and Coordinated Care.Journal of clinical medicine · 2026Article
Corrections and comments
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10 authors.
Funding
Abstract
purposePostoperative delirium (POD) is a frequent complication in older surgical patients and is associated with adverse outcomes, while frailty is also highly prevalent during the perioperative period. This study aimed to determine whether POD accelerates perioperative frailty worsening and to assess the effect of their coexistence on 1-year mortality.
methodsWe analyzed prospectively collected data from a multicenter cohort of patients aged ≥65 years undergoing non-cardiac, non-neurosurgical surgery. Frailty was assessed using the FRAIL scale before surgery and at 1 month postoperatively. Perioperative frailty worsening was defined as an increase in the postoperative score compared with the preoperative score. POD was diagnosed using the 3-Minute Diagnostic Interview for Confusion Assessment Method. Logistic regression was employed to examine the associations between POD and frailty worsening, as well as the combined effect of their coexistence on 1-year mortality. Subgroup analysis was performed to confirm the robustness of the findings.
resultsOf the 6196 patients included, 648 (10.5%) developed POD. Perioperative frailty worsening occurred more frequently in patients with POD compared with those without (41.7% vs. 28.5%, P < 0.001). POD was independently associated with frailty worsening (OR 1.851, 95%CI 1.541-2.224; P < 0.001). Both POD and frailty worsening were independently associated with increased 1-year mortality. Compared with other groups, patients with both conditions had the highest 1-year mortality (5.9%), and this combination remained an independent predictor of mortality (OR 3.626, 95%CI 1.987-6.615; P < 0.001).
conclusionPOD accelerates perioperative frailty worsening in older surgical patients, and their coexistence substantially increases 1-year mortality risk. Early recognition and proactive management of POD may help mitigate frailty progression and improve long-term survival.
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