Evidence map›Paper›PMID 41784903›Full record

ArticleJournal of racial and ethnic health disparities2026

Projected Cognitive and Brain Aging Benefits of Eliminating Cardiometabolic Risks in Non-Hispanic White and Black Males - HABS-HD.

Cellas A Hayes, Anhiti Dharmapuri, Michelle C Odden, Roland J Thorpe

Abstract read
In one paragraph

Article in Journal of racial and ethnic health disparities, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 1 paper.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
1citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

1 citing paper in PubMed.

  1. Article
4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

4 authors.

Cellas A HayesDepartment of Epidemiology and Population Health, Stanford University School of Medicine, 1701 Page Mill Road, Palo Alto, CA, 94304, USA. cahayes3@stanford.edu.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0002-6259-9456
Anhiti DharmapuriDepartment of Psychiatry, Healthy Brain Aging Sleep Center, NYU Grossman School of Medicine, New York, NY, USA.
Michelle C OddenDepartment of Epidemiology and Population Health, Stanford University School of Medicine, 1701 Page Mill Road, Palo Alto, CA, 94304, USA.
Roland J ThorpeProgram for Research on Men's Health, Johns Hopkins Center for Health Disparities Solutions, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, 624 N. Broadway, Suite 441, Baltimore, MD, USA.

Funding

The Health & Aging Brain Study - Health Disparities (HABS-HD)U19AG078109 · NIA · UNIVERSITY OF NORTH TEXAS HLTH SCI CTR · PI LEIGH A JOHNSON · 2022 to 2026
$181.1M
The Johns Hopkins Alzheimer's Disease Resource Center for Minority Aging Research - Research Ed ComponentP30AG059298 · NIA · JOHNS HOPKINS UNIVERSITY · PI Joseph John Gallo, ROLAND J. THORPE · 2018 to 2026
$7.1M
Burroughs Wellcome Fund 1267001NIA NIH HHS P30 AG059298NIA NIH HHS P30AG059298NIA NIH HHS U19AG078109
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

backgroundCardiometabolic risk factors contribute to cognitive decline and cerebrovascular pathology and are more prevalent among non-Hispanic Black (NHB) adults than non-Hispanic White (NHW) adults, with the greatest burden observed in males.

methodsWe analyzed 974 male participants (581 non-Hispanic White [NHW], 393 NHB) from the Health and Aging Brain Study – Health Disparities baseline visit. Multivariable linear regression models were used to examine associations between cardiometabolic risk factors, including hypertension, diabetes, dyslipidemia, obesity, and tobacco dependence, and outcomes of cognitive domain performance (memory, executive function, processing speed, and language) and white matter hyperintensity (WMH) burden, adjusting for age, education, apolipoprotein ε4 status, and race. Population intervention models (PIM), a counterfactual regression-based approach, were applied to estimate projected changes in cognition and WMH burden under hypothetical scenarios in which individual cardiometabolic risk factors were absent, with analyses stratified by racial ethnicity and mutually adjusted for the other cardiometabolic risks.

resultsDiabetes was associated with lower memory (β = − 0.14, 95% CI: − 0.27 to − 0.01) and language (β = − 0.15, 95% CI: − 0.29 to − 0.02). Tobacco dependence was linked to poorer performance across all domains (β range = − 0.20 to − 0.29). Hypertension was associated with greater WMH volume (β = 0.61, 95% CI: 0.09 to 1.12). PIM analyses projected memory gains from eliminating diabetes of 0.027 (95% CI: 0.002–0.052) in NHW and 0.039 (95% CI: 0.004–0.075) in NHB males, and gains from eliminating tobacco dependence of 0.015 (95% CI: 0.004–0.027) and 0.056 (95% CI: 0.017–0.098), respectively. Removing hypertension was projected to reduce WMH by − 0.394 (95% CI: − 0.769 to − 0.014) in NHW and − 0.481 (95% CI: − 0.940 to − 0.018) in NHB participants.

Indexed as

African americansCognitive agingDiabetesPopulation intervention modelsRacial disparitiesWhite matter hyperintensities

Identifiers

PMID41784903
PMCPMC12965136

What Socratic holds

Textmetadata
LicenceTDM
Read underepoch 390

Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the Socratic graph.