Evidence map›Paper›PMID 41784916›Full record

ArticleJournal of medical toxicology : official journal of the American College of Medical Toxicology2026

Comparison of Pediatric and Adult Glucagon-Like Peptide-1 Receptor Agonist Exposures Reported To United States Poison Centers, 2017-2024.

Anjali Senthilkumar, Hannah L Hays, Sandhya Kistamgari, Natalie I Rine, Allison L Rhodes, Christopher E Gaw, Gary A Smith

Abstract readComparative Study
PubMed Full text at PMC Publisher
In one paragraph

Article in Journal of medical toxicology : official journal of the American College of Medical Toxicology, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
0citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

0 citing papers in PubMed.

No citing paper in PubMed yet.

4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

7 authors.

Anjali SenthilkumarCenter for Injury Research and Policy, The Abigail Wexner Research Institute at Nationwide Children's Hospital, 700 Children's Drive, Columbus, OH, 43205, USA.
Hannah L HaysCenter for Injury Research and Policy, The Abigail Wexner Research Institute at Nationwide Children's Hospital, 700 Children's Drive, Columbus, OH, 43205, USA.
Sandhya KistamgariCenter for Injury Research and Policy, The Abigail Wexner Research Institute at Nationwide Children's Hospital, 700 Children's Drive, Columbus, OH, 43205, USA.
Natalie I RineCentral Ohio Poison Center, Nationwide Children's Hospital, Columbus, OH, USA.
Allison L RhodesDivision of General Internal Medicine, The Ohio State University College of Medicine, Columbus, OH, USA.
Christopher E GawCenter for Injury Research and Policy, The Abigail Wexner Research Institute at Nationwide Children's Hospital, 700 Children's Drive, Columbus, OH, 43205, USA.
Gary A SmithCenter for Injury Research and Policy, The Abigail Wexner Research Institute at Nationwide Children's Hospital, 700 Children's Drive, Columbus, OH, 43205, USA. gary.smith@nationwidechildrens.org.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0001-5838-8982

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

introductionAs glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor agonist (GLP-1) use has increased among children, a better understanding of the related adverse effects in this population is needed.

methodsNational Poison Data System data from 2017 to 2024 were analyzed to compare characteristics and trends of exposures involving GLP-1s reported to United States (US) poison centers (PCs) among children 6-17 years old with those of adults.

resultsThere were 13,924 single-substance GLP-1 exposures reported to US PCs from 2017 to 2024. The rate of exposures per one million US population increased by 1,830.8% from 0.97 in 2017 to 18.79 in 2024, including a 4,805.0% increase among children 6-17 years old from 0.04 in 2017 to 1.97 in 2024, with the majority of the increase occurring after 2021. Most exposures (91.7%) were associated with no or mild effects, while moderate effects were observed in 8.0% and major effects occurred in 42 exposures; there were two deaths. Children 6-17 years old were more likely (RR: 2.66, 95% CI: 1.73-4.11) to be admitted than adults, and children 12-17 years old were more likely (RR: 1.68, 95% CI: 1.08-2.63) to experience a more serious medical outcome than adults. Children 6-17 years old with at least one clinical effect experienced vomiting (88.2%) more commonly than adults (61.3%) (RR: 1.44, 95% CI: 1.34-1.55). Additionally, exposures among children 6-17 years old were more likely to be attributable to intentional misuse (RR: 8.12, 95% CI: 6.47-10.17) than among adults.

conclusionsThis study provides national-level, real-world findings that may help inform clinical practice.

Indexed as

Glucagon-Like Peptide-1 Receptor AgonistsPoison Control CentersAdolescentAdultChildFemaleHumansMaleUnited StatesGlucagon-Like Peptide-1 Receptor AgonistsChildrenLiraglutideSemaglutideTirzepatideToxicity

Identifiers

PMID41784916
PMCPMC13076819

What Socratic holds

Textmetadata
LicenceCC BY
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Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the Socratic graph.